ANSC 303 1st Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. Ether ExtractII. AshIII. Crude FiberIV. Nitrogen Free ExtractV. Detergent Analysis SystemVI. Near Infrared ReflectanceOutline of Current Lecture I. Nutrient Analysis IIIa. Use of Nutrient Analysis Valuesb. Measurement of Feed and Nutrient Utilizationc. Grown and Production Trialsd. Digestibility Trialse. Apparent Digestibility f. Balance Trialsg. Rumen Digestion Techniquesi. Batch Trialsii. Continuous Fermentationiii. Nylon Bag Techniqueh. Surgical Proceduresi. Fisutlationii. Catheters in Veins or Arteries i. Determining Requirements – Growth TrialsII. Carbohydrates Ia. Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption Current LectureI. Nutrient Analysis IIIA. Use of Nutrient Analysis ValuesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a We use these numbers to make good decisions when:i. Selecting feedstufii. Formulating dietsb You have to know the specific numbers of THIS feedstuf in order to formulate a dietc Example:i. NDF% of 63 vs 511. Which has highest intake?2. Diet with 51ii. ADF% of 33 vs 271. Which has highest digestibility?2. Diet with 27iii. Most likely the diet with 51/27 is more expensive, but it would be worth the money to buy it because of the higher digestibility and intakeB. Measurement of Feed and Nutrient Utilizationa Growth trialsb Production trialsi. Woolii. Eggsiii. Milk iv. Meatv. Reproduction vi. Feedvii. Measures quality and quantity c Digestion and metabolism trialsC. Growth and Production Trialsa Nutrition costs 50-60%b Lower cost of feed while increase performance = owners of operations happyc Growth i. Measure:ii. Body weightiii. Heightiv. Bone density 1. Is it good growth?2. Did you grow too fast?v. Feed intakevi. Feed efeciency 1. F/G2. Feed to gain ratio3. Want a low number4. Want it to cost lessd Productioni. Measures:ii. Feed intakeiii. Rate of production1. Eggs2. Calf weight (weaning weight)3. Milk 4. Conception rateD. Digestibility Trialsa Nutrient utilization is determined by digestibility b Feed - fecesc Measure what goes in and what comes outd **assume what does not come out was digestede Done nutrient by nutrient basisf Is not an overall deal g Collectionsi. Total collection 1. Animal adjusts for 3-10 days2. Feces collected for 4 - 10 days3. The longer you go, the more accurate4. Continue collecting as long as the animal is healthy and notdistressedii. Indicator methods1. Good for grazing animals2. Used when total collection is unavailable3. Uses internal and external markersA. Internal a. Feed componentb. Something NOT digestible that is measured going in and coming outB. External a. Chemical componentb. Added to feedE. Apparent Digestibility %a Total collection: nutrient intake−nutrient∈ fecesnutrient intake× 100b Nutrient in feces contains:i. Undigested material ii. Endogenous material 1. This is nutrients coming from the animal 2. We do not feed these; the animal makes them c Apparent digestibility underestimates the digestibility of feedF. Balance Trialsa Provides information on nutrient utilizationb Measures total intake and total excretioni. Determines net retention or lossii. Routes of excretion:1. Feces2. Urine3. Expired air4. Sloughed skin 5. Shed hair6. Heat lossc To measure:i. Feed nitrogen ii. Look at how much is retainediii. Look at how much is lostG. Rumen Digestion Techniques a Batch trialsi. Collect fluidii. Place into test tubesiii. Add feedstufiv. Doneb Continuous fermentationi. More accurateii. Place fluid into tubesiii. Add everything that a rumen would gain in an animal iv. Take away all the things an animal would take from the rumen v. Usually location specificc Nylon bag techniquei. Take feedii. Place in bagiii. Place all bags into the rumen of an animal iv. Can measure how long it takes for the microbes to break down diferent feedsv. Can test a multitude of feeds all at same timeH. Surgical Proceduresa Fistulation i. Various parts of GI tract dependent on speciesii. Ruminant: rumen, abomasum and duodenum junctionb Catheters in veins or arteriesi. Want to know what is absorbed through the dietii. Venous - most common iii. Blood glucose is the most common testedI. Determining Requirements - Growth Trialsa Deficiency - the animal is not feed enough of this amino acid to growb Requirement - this is what the animal needs to grow to the fullestc Optimum - this is what the animal needs to have tastier meat or more marbling; over and beyondd Excess - the animal is being fed too much e Lysine = first limiting amino acid II. Carbohydrates IA. Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorptiona Carbohydrates diferenti. Size1. Bigger means more digestion is neededii. Composition 1. Which sugars did you break down into?2. Sucrose3. Glucoseiii. Bonding1. Structural 2. Soluble3. Do you need to be digested in SI or LI 4. Are you CF or NFE5. This dictates how the CHO needs to be digestedb Method of absorptioni. Depends on end product of digestion ii. Ruminant and monogastric have totally diferent end products1. Mono - glucose2. Ruminant - VFAsc Ruminants can use low quality foragei. High ADF, high NDF, means high cell wallii.Ruminants can break down cell