Human Biological VariationWhat have we learned from GeneticsPhenotype v. GenotypeRace, Ethnicity, & ClineRace is not Human Biological VariationAnty 101d 1st Edition Lecture 12Current LectureHuman Biological Variation What have we learned from Genetics -Penguins• 2x genetic diversity of humans-2 people at ransom share more than 99% DNA • No genetic trait shared by all within a population• Majority of variation exists between people of same population • just as much genetic diversity within a population as from separate populations Phenotype v. Genotype-Race categories are based on ideas about phenotypic variation • Which traits have priority? (blood groups..?)• Human biological variation is gradual and traits vary independently of each other-No discrete categories• Most of the genetic variation within a population is invisible -Human variation: Why so much?• environmental adaptation These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• random accrual of mutations -time: the longer you are on the planet the more likely you are to have more mutations inthe DNA-Most variation in Africa because they have been on Earth the longest • Physical or social distances of mating populations (gene flow and genetic drift) Race, Ethnicity, & Cline-Race: folk taxonomy for classifying individuals into type categories based on visible, physical, traits (Ancestry and Populations) -Ethnicity: classification by shared cultural features such as language history, beliefs, religion, food, social practices; socially & politically significant-Cline: gradual and independent change in physical features or genetics by geography -Species: populations capable of interbreeding and producing viable offspring • sub-species? Race is not Human Biological Variation-Race categories (populations of people) are not fixed and static they are always changing and evolving-Human variation is gradual and continuous, no clean boundary between population-Human variations consists of traits that vary independently (i.e. you cannot predict other traits if you know skin color)-Statistically, genetic variation within groups is greater than variation between groups-Race categorization changes other time and space; completely cultural/linguistic categories-Race is ‘real’ culturally and socially, but not
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