BIOL 101 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture 1. Regulation of Enzymatic Activitya. Allosteric Regulationi. Activationii. Inhibitioniii. Cooperativelyb. Feedback InhibitionOverview of Cellular RespirationGlucose OxidizedOxygen ReducedPhases of Complete Glucose Breakdown (Aerobic Respiration)GlycolysisOccurs in the CytoplasmProduces Pyruvate, NADH and ATPSubstrate Level PhosphorylationTransition ReactionOccurs in the Mitochondrial MatrixProduces Acetyl-CoA, NADH and CO2Krebs Acid (Citric acid) CycleOccurs in the MatrixProduces CO2, NADH, FADH, and ATPSubstrate Level PhosphorylationElectron Transport Chain (System)Occurs in the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane (Cristae)Protein Carriers/CytochromesProduces NAD+, FAD, H2O, and ATPOxidative PhosphorylationATP synthaseChemiosmosisH+ gradient drives ATP synthesisEnergy Yield and Efficiency Of Glucose Metabolism32 ATP Produced per Glucose MoleculeAbout 263 kcal transferred from Glucose to ATP (about 34% efficient)Remainder lost as heatRegulation of Aerobic RespirationFermentation (Anaerobic Respiration)Occurs in the CytoplasmGlycolysisPyruvate converted to lactate or alcoholThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Outline of Current Lecture Phases of Complete Glucose Breakdown (Aerobic Respiration)GlycolysisOccurs in the CytoplasmProduces Pyruvate, NADH and ATPSubstrate Level PhosphorlyationTransition ReactionOccurs in the Mitochondrial MatrixProduces Acetyl-CoA, NADH and CO2Krebs Acid (Citric acid) CycleOccurs in the MatrixProduces CO2, NADH, FADH, and ATPSubstrate Level PhosphorylationElectron Transport Chain (System)Occurs in the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane (Cristae)Protein Carriers/CytochromesProduces NAD+, FAD, H2O, and ATPOxidative PhosphorylationATP synthaseChemiosmosisH+ gradient drives ATP synthesisEnergy Yield and Efficiency Of Glucose Metabolism32 ATP Produced per Glucose MoleculeAbout 263 kcal transferred from Glucose to ATP (about 34% efficient)Remainder lost as heatRegulation of Aerobic RespirationFermentation (Anaerobic Respiration)Occurs in the CytoplasmGlycolysisPyruvate converted to lactate or alcoholEnergy Yield and Efficiency Of Anaerobic Glucose MetabolismAbout 14 kcal transferred from Glucose to ATP (about 2% efficient)Metabolic Pool and BiosynthesisCatabolismProteinFatsAnabolismCurrent LectureStudy figure 9.9Know the reactants and the products in each step of glycolysis. Hexokinase and phosphor-fructose kinaseare energy investment enzymes. PGK and PK are energy pay off enzymes. At the end of glycolgysis, there are only 10 (of 12) H left.Acetyl CoA forms between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Pyruvate looses CO2, hydrogen (oxidized) and the remaining 2 C acetyl molecules are attached to CoA to form acetyl CoA. Understand what PCDC is. The krebs cycle occurs after the formation of acetyl CoA. It happens in the Mitochondria. Takes the last 4C and 8 H and fully separates them. Makes 2 ATP. This cycle goes around twice. The H are the most important part of glucose. Know the names of the enzymes in the krebs cycle. All the H are floating around the matrix carried by NAD and carried over to the mitochondrial matrix to the electron transport chain. The electrons follow the yellow line and are drown towards oxygen. Pump H three times every time an electron is pulled through and into the mitochondrial membrane. A gradientit established. Refer to figure 9.15. Oxygen is the “catchers mitt” of the electron transport chain. ATP synthesis is an enzyme needed at the end of the electron transport chain. Substrate level phosphorylation adds a phosphate to create ATP. But ATP synthesis pushed a H back into the mitochondrial matrix to get energy. As long as you keep eating food you are providing H for cellular