PSYX 385 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Disadvantages of Behavioral DataII. (L) Life Outcomes: The Result of Personalitya. Advantagesb. Disadvantagesc. A reasonable approach to assessmentIII. Classical Test Theory and Psychometricsa. Understanding reliability and Validityb. Classical test theoryc. ReliabilityOutline of Current Lecture I. Freud Biosketch and theoretical originsII. Concepts and Models of the MindIII. Lasting ContributionsIV. Criticism and LimitationsCurrent LectureSigmund Freud- 1856-19391.) complicated family dynamic: Mother was father’s second or third wife (according to different sources); Freud’s father had older male children (freud’s half siblings) who potentially had sexual relations with Freud’s mother2.) Around 5 or 6 Freud moved from the area of the Czech Republic to Vienna, AustriaEarly Career:1.) entered medical school at the age of 17a. very interested in techniqueb. drawn to finely detailed observationc. had interest in being a scientist2.) Darwinian influence: Humans are animalistic (very controversial at the time)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3.) Emphasis on physical-chemical forces—reductionism/mechanistic4.) Freud began seeing patients for financial reasonsThe Data (“clues”) of Psychoanalysis1.) Clinical method: case study/ intensive observation—data (Freud was an impericist; learned through observation)a. Psychopathology makes things “larger and coarser”—open to inspectioni. Believed psychopathology had same effect as staining slides on a microscope (pioneered by Freud in medical school)ii. Freud listened to people (perwin, 2001) (where his true genius lies)b. Experiments “break the frame”; don’t draw from patients the key dataThe Origins of Psychoanalytic Theory:1.) 1885-1886: work with Charat and Breyera. –hypnosis with “hysterics” (conversion disorder) (symptoms that appear to be neurological but have no evident cause)b. physical symptoms with no verifiable cause2.) The case of Anna O: 21 years olda. Classic case study in conversioni. Caring for dying father (who may have sexually mistreated her according to some sources) , Anna developed numerous symptoms (e.g., cough, became mute)ii. “spontaneous hypnosis”: trance state—felt better afterwards1. “chimney sweeping”; “the talking cure”b. Anna O’s aversion to water…(physical aversion to drinking or touching)i. Spoke of someone drinking after a dog and expressed immense disgustii. Symptoms disappeared on recounting of root trauma—“catharsis”c. Anna O’s significance…i. Symptoms have meaning beyond the surface1. Unexpressed emotions related to trauma do not dissipate—‘hysteria’ is the result2. ‘the talking cure’ succeeds because unconscious trauma is made conscious---emotion rejoins traumaii. Understanding the conscious is essential!!!!Concepts and Models of the Mind1.) a fundamental assumption: the presence of the unconscious (stud. On hyst. 1893-1895)a. patients could not stop symptoms (sx)b. sx have no verifiable physiological basis, must have psychological basisi. if source isn’t conscious it’s unconsciousc. in opposition to ‘conscious’ will is an equal or greater ‘unconscious’i. conscious and unconscious exist in conflict1. psychodynamicsThe Topographic Model: Levels of Awareness1.) consciousness—memories, thoughts, desires in awareness2.) preconsciousness—outside awareness—can readily be made conscious3.) unconscious—typically inaccessible to awareness (due to content)Implications of the Topographic Model1.) determinism—behavior due to discoverable causes (drives, motives, wishes)a. often unconsciousb. hypnosis and free association (the ‘fundamental rule’ CENSOR NOTHING)c. dreams: “royal road” to the unconsciousCont’d next