Biology 203 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Similarities between Bacteria and ArchaeaII. BacteriaIII. ArchaeaOutline of Current Lecture I. Eukaryotic major cladesII. AmoebozoaIII. OpisthokontsIV. ExcavataCurrent LectureI. Major Eukaryotic Cladesa. What did the proto-eukaryote look like?i. Single celledii. Much larger than bacteriaiii. Possessed a nucleus and cytoskeletoniv. No cell walls v. Lived in oxygen-poor environmentsvi. Lacked mitochondriab. What are mitochondria?i. Organelle where electron transport chain produces ATPii. Complex membrane structure, high Hydrogen ion produced in matrix, runs ATP synthaseiii. Also contains multiple copies of a small, circular chromosomec. Lynn Margulis’sendosymbiotic theoryi. A “pre-eukaryote” engulfed a bacterium capable of doing aerobic respiration, producing much more ATP per unit of food intakeii. Symbiotic relationship establishesiii. Eukaryote provides protection and sugarsiv. Bacterium supplies ATPv. The symbiotic bacterium became the mitochondrion and that pre-eukaryote was the ancestor to all eukaryotesII. Amoebozoaa. Have amoeboid morphology and feed via lobe-like pseudopodiaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Includes three groups: Lobose amoebas, cellular slime molds, plasmodial slime moldsc. Some amoebas are parasitesi. Entamoebaii. Infect all major vertebrate groupsiii. Responsible for human morbidity and mortalityd. Lobose Amoebasi. Free livingii. Terrestrial and aquaticiii. Single celliv. Relatively smallv. Primarily heterotrophse. Plasmodial slime moldsi. No cell wallii. Vegetative phase is a plasmodium = one giant amoebaiii. Fruiting structure is a sporangium, formed from a single plasmodiumiv. Sporangia may be very elaborate and ornatev. Once included with the fungif. Cellular slime moldsi. Live in fresh water, damp soil and rotting vegetation (downed logs)ii. Vegetative state is a free-living amoebaiii. Under certain conditions, amoebae aggregate to form a “slug”iv. Cheating vs. cooperationIII. Opisthokontaa. Have flat cristae in mitochondria and a single, posterior flagellumb. Includes 3 groups we will study: fungi, choanoflagellates, animalsc. Choanoflagellatesi. Sister group to the animalsii. Sessile; some are colonialiii. ‘Coordinated; flagellar movementsIV. Excavataa. Have an “excavated” feeding groove on one side of the cellb. Includes 3 groups: diplomonads, parabasalids, euglenidsc. Diplomonadsi. Most are parasitesii. Giardia cysts found in fecal contamination, especially in beaver ponds, can cause dysentery and diarrheaiii. Serious threat for campersd. Parabasalidsi. Often involved in symbiosese. Euglenidsi. Numerous feeding modesii. Autotrophic (chloroplast from endosymbiosis with a green alga)iii. Heterotrophiciv. Diverse life styles (free living and