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UofL MUH 214 - Late 19th Century Music

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PAS 214 Notes: February 12, 2015Late 19th Century MusicMinstrelsy, Coon Songs, Carry-Me-Backs, Pseudo-Spirituals, Concert Music, Traveling Shows,Brass Bands, RagtimeI. Minstrelsy: The Denigration of Black CultureA. Created by Thomas Dartmouth “Big Daddy” Rice1. Father of American minstrelsy2. 18293. Louisville, KYB. AKA Ethiopian MusicC. Not developed by African Americans, but rooted in that cultureD. Staged EntertainmentE. Commercialized for the mass marketF. Became most popular music of the late 19th centuryG. Depicted an exaggeration of slave lifeH. Originally white performers using burnt cork on facesI. Stereotypical Characters1. Jim Crow: Lazy plantation worker2. Zip Coon: Slick, smooth talker3. Aunt Jemima: Mother figure (“Mammy”)4. Jezebel: Street womanJ. Three Part Production1. Promenade—Introduction (First Line: “Gentlemen, be seated”)2. Olio—Skits, Solos3. FinaleK. Three Leads1. Mr. Tambo—Straight man2. Mr. Bones—Comic3. Interlocutor—MC L. Musical Characteristics 1. Three song types- Ballads: Tenor- Comic Songs: Comedian- Specialties: Baritone2. Extensive syncopation3. Use of banjo, tambourine, fiddle, bones (castanets) for accompaniment4. Later added brass instruments, stringsM. Other Characteristics1. Original troupes all male and all white2. First Troupes: 1843-44a. Virginia Minstrelsb. Christy Minstrels3. First Black troupe: 1865 (Georgia Minstrels)4. Mahara Minstrels: W.C. HandyPAS 214 Notes: February 12, 20155. Small Companies used 2-3 banjos/guitars6. Large companies used up to 13 players7. Troupes made own scenery, costumes8. Cleaned Hall, did their own lighting9. Held parades to market showN. Minstrel Composers1. Stephen Foster (white)a. My old KY Home/ Old Folks at Home (Swanee River)b. I dream of Jeannie w/ the light brown Hairc. Oh Susannah/Camp town Races2. James Bland (black)a. Known as world’s greatest minstrel manb. Worked as both performer and composerc. 1st major Black minstrel composerd. 700 compositionse. “Oh dem Golden Slippers”/”Carry Me Back to Old VA”3. Gussie Davisa. Trained at Nelson College, Cincinnati while serving as janitorb. 1st Successful black writer on Tin Pan Alley (Wall Street of the Music World)c. Wrote over 200 songsd. “Irene, Good Night”/”We Sat Beneath the Maple on the Hill”e. Also wrote art songs and choral music4. Samuel Lucasa. 1st Black to play Uncle Tom (1878)b. One of the 1st Blacks to play lead role on Broadwayc. “Grand Old Man of the Stage”d. Formed concert company—Jubilee SongstersII. Carry-Me-BacksA. Used theme that freed Blacks longed to return to security and solace of SouthB. Examples:1. “Carry Me Back to Old Virginny”2. “My Old Kentucky


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UofL MUH 214 - Late 19th Century Music

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