ANTH 021 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture B. ExchangeII. Reproduction and Human DevelopmentA. Modes of ReproductionB. PersonalityOutline of Current Lecture C. GenderD. Personality in AdulthoodCurrent Lecture C. Gender1. Sexual Identity and Gender Pluralism- Melvin Konner – sexual orientation determined by genetic and cultural factors, nature AND nurture- Gender pluralism – the existence within a culture of multiple categories of femininity, masculinity and androgyny that are tolerated and legitimate- “Third genders” – some cultures permit the expression of variedforms of sexual orientation: for example, the berdache2. Two Spirit- Indian tribal cultures in the U.S. and Canada are often more accepting of gender role fluidity more than mainstream (White) culture- The institution of the “berdache” (now an unaccepted term) subjected to ridicule and disapproval from mainstream Euro-Western culture- Since the 1980s, open presence of the two spirit individuals has returned in some tribal groups3. Asexuality: An Emerging Concept- When a person does not experience sexual attraction or have interest in sexual activity- Asexuals are beginning to come out, around the world- Often join gay groups, even though asexuals are not gay and do not identify as gayThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.D. Personality in Adulthood1. The Cultural Construction of Personality in Adulthood- Parenthoodo Role of mother and father shaped by cultureo Matrescence and patrescenceo Responsibility for childcare- Middle ageo Midlife crisis and menopause: a Western obsession?- Old ageo Nonindustrial cultures respect the elderly