Jour 3745 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture Consumers of Poplar Culture I. How powerful is media?a. Transmission modelb. Cultural modelc. Critical/ cultural perspectiveII. Direct (bullet) effecta. Indirect effectsIII. Cultivation Theorya. Uses and gratification modelIV. Processing Messagesa. Manipulation Vs. Persuasion b. Social Learning TheoryV. Violence in the Mediaa. Media Industryb. Dealing with violent media Outline of Current LectureI. Dealing with ViolenceII. Behavioral Effectsa. Other potential effectsIII. 6 High Risk ContextsIV. Faulty public effectsCurrent LectureRegulating Violence in the Media and Past Studies on Violent Media Effects 2 Perspectives on effects of violent contents1) Public Welfare Frame- violent content might lead to violent behavior and increased aggregation2) First Amendment Frame- free speech no lead to violent behavior from violent contentThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Sparks (2013)- Aggressive behavior increase- Individual differences (mental illnesses, way you are brought up, etc)- We focus too much on behavior- MRI Brain images Behavioral Effects- Catharsis- Vent aggressive impulses- Arousal – Excitement, heightened arousal states (critics of violence focus on this)- disinhibition- less inhibited by social sanctions (norms)- Imitation- Observational learning – a kid acting out what they saw on tv - Desensitization – Less sympathetic Other Potential Effects - Emotional- Anxiety, fright (scary movie and loss of sleep etc.)- Cognitive – cultivation theory – perceptions of the world around you (Gerber and colleagues)6 High Risk Contexts (Federman 1998)1) A perpetrator is attractive role model (Dexter, weeds, etc.) causes people to be more desensitized 2) Violence that seems justified 3) Violence that goes unpunished (no remorse, criticism or penalty)4) Minimal consequences to the victims (no one is dying and life goes back to normal)5) Violence that seems realistic to the reviewer6) Violence for entertainments sake Potter’s Perspective Public’s faulty beliefs1) There is too much violence in the mediaa. Public is underestimating violence we should be expanding the definition of violence and include comedy into it. Gore is also being sanitized to attract moreviewers and a wider audience b. Focus on the amount instead of the contentContext in the way violence is portrayed increases the probability of all sorts of negative effects- Sanitization of violence leads viewers to become desensitized to the suffering of victims- Glamorization allows the audience to become attracted to the violence - Trivialization of violence with humor leads viewers to believe that the risk of punishment is