CHEM 1442 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture I. ViscosityII. Surface TensionIII. Colligative PropertiesIV. Chapter 16Outline of Current Lecture V. Review QuestionsVI. Transition State TheoryCurrent LectureReview QuestionsMolality  MolarityExample:Express the concentration of a 0.396 m glucose (C6H12O6) solution in molarity.The density of the solution is 1.16 g/mL.Answer:Molality = 0.396 moles of solute/ kilograms of solventMolarity = moles of solute / liters of solution*We cannot simply try to convert by using the density as solution does not cancel out solvent!* Mass of solution = mass of solvent + mass of soluteMass of solute = 0.396 mol x 180.2 grams/ mol = 71.3 grams of soluteThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Mass of solvent = 1000 gramsMass of solution = 1000 g + 71.3 g = 1071.3 g 1071.3 grams of solution x 1 mL / 1.16 g = 923.53 mLMolarity = 0.396 mol/ 0.92353 L = 0.429 MExample: Which solution has the higher boiling point? Water is the solvent for both solutions.0.1 m glucose (C6H12O6) solution1.1 m urea (CH4N2O) solution Answer: The boiling points are the same, because the boiling point is a colligative property; this means that it does not depend on what type of solute.Example: Which solution has the higher boiling point? Water is the solvent for both.1.1 m glucose (C6H12O6) solution1.1 m NaCl solution Answer: NaCl because it is a strong electrolyte that completely dissociates in the solvent. Thus there are two times more of it; meaning the molality is really 0.02.Van’t Hoff factor (i) = molality of all solutes/ molality of formula unitsExample: Consider the following reaction:2NO (g) + 2H2 (g)  N2 (g) + 2H2O (g)The reaction is second order in NO and first order in H2. Write the rate law for the reaction.Answer:Initial Reaction = k [NO]2[H2]Example: A reaction obeys the rate law:Rate = k [X]2[Y]What are the units of k?Answer: L2mol-2s-1Transition State TheoryEvery reaction must go through a transition state as reactants transform to products.Why some reactions fast and others are slow?When reactants collide – the bond between one element and a molecule partially breaks, while the molecule forms a partial bond with another element.A transition state (or an activated complex) is marked by a double dagger. It is an unstable species and has the highest potential