MC 101 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture 1. Top magazines by revenue 2. Top magazines by circulation 3. The magazine staff 4. The players: the publisher5. Staff6. Reader7. Controversies8. Dick Stolley’s cover rules9. Newspaper numbers10. First newspapers11. Newspapers in early America12. Characteristics of early US newspapers13. Licensing and seditious libel 14. Zenger trial 15. Newspapers and the American revolution 16. Changes in the concept of news 17. Ethnic press18. Penny press These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.19. Changes in concept of newsOutline of Current Lecture 1. Yellow Journalism2. Making of the Modern Press3. Responsibility in Integrity in Journalism4. The Cannons of Journalism 5. Concentration into Chains6. What is News?7. News Values8. Broadcast news: Radio9. Broadcast News: Television 10. Broadcast News: Cable11. Leading the News Process12. Newspaper Industry 13. Special Interest Newspapers14. The Staff15. Support Services16. The Reader17. Controversies 18. Recordings: History of Copyright Battles & Format Wars19. Music in an Oral Culture 20. Early Recording Technology21. Enter Radio 22. Stereo and High Fidelity 23. Format Wars Intensify 24. Music Downloading Current LectureChapter 6: Newspaper (continued…)Yellow Journalism TEST- Age of the Publishers (1890s-1920s) - William Randolph Hearts (New York Journal); Joseph Pulitzer (New York World) TESTo Publishers o Business people developing corporations o They basically create a kind of McDonalds of the newspaper business o Set up chains of newspapers - Yellow Journalism: Unprecedented sensationalism - Formula Newspapers (Like McDonald’s)- Spanish-American War Making of the Modern Press - Investigative Journalism: reporting that uncovers info that sources have tried to conceal - Muckraker in magazines - Nellie Bly (Elizabeth Cochrane) worked for Pulitzer - Undercover, place self at center of story, stunt journalism - Ida B. Wells-Barnet: African-American issuesResponsibility and Integrity in Journalism- Move away from strong yellow journalism in early 1900s - New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Christian Science Monitory - Still have sensational: Jazz Journalism 1920s, Tabloids: smaller size, one fold, lot of photos - Ex: NY daily News - 1920s: 2,600 Dailies; 14,000 weeklies; am/pmThe Canons of Journalism- 1923 American Society of Newspaper Editors - Responsibility, Freedom of the press, Independence, Sincerity/truthfulness/accuracy, impartiality, fair play, decency Concentration into Chains TEST- Age of the corporation (1920s on), Chain - Ex. Heart: Scripps: 20 dailies in 1922- PLUS: 2 wire services, feature syndicate, newsreel company, motion picture production company- Economies of scale - 1900 10% of chain owned; 1940 40% of chain; today 80% of chin owned TESTWhat is News? TEST- Timeliness- Proximity- Prominence - Consequence Rarity - Human Interest New Values TEST- Fairness and balance - Objectivity - Accuracy Broadcast News: Radio - 1920: KDKA covers Harding-Cox presidential election results- 1930s: Newspapers argue radio should not broadcast news - WWII: Edward R. Murrow broadcasting for CBS from Europe. Brought the war home for listeners Broadcast News: Television TEST- 1940: republican national convention covered by experimental NBC television network - Murrow makes jump from radio to television - 1948: CBS starts nightly 15-minute newscast- 1963: CBS expands newscast to 30 minutes with Walter CronkiteTEST- 1979: ABC starts nightline during Iranian hostage crisis Broadcast News: Cable- 1980: CNN goes on the air, promises not to sign off until the “end of the world”- 1991: Gulf War makes CNN the place to go for current news - 2000s: Fox News comes to dominate the cable news rating with programming that takes a strongpoint of view Leading the News Process - Lead the way in journalism, news - Civil rights 1960s- Vietnam 1960s, 1970s, pentagon papers- Watergate 1970s - Providing context- Shift to mostly morning editions - Geographically constrained, reach to segments - Age of the individual (1990s on)- New media formats; SEO search Engine optimization Newspaper Industry TEST- The owners: 80% chain, 75-100 dailies change hand a yearTEST- The newspaperso Dailies: M-F, most 7 days a week; national, metropolitan, suburban o National Dailies: Wall Street Journal, NY Times, Christian Science Monitor (on line), USA Today o Local Dailies: mostly major metropolitan o Weeklies: Small town, suburbs ex. Smoky mountain times; some are shoppers which are free distribution papers consisting mostly of advertising o Daily about 1,400, with circulation of 36 million; weekly paid about 4,500; weekly free (shopper) about 1,200Total US Daily Newspaper Circulation TESTImportant Number: 36 millionSpecial Interest Newspapers TEST- Organizational Press: published as part of an organization’s communication with members; business, religious, education Ex. Chronicle of Higher Education TEST- Alternative Press: provide a different viewpoint on news, radical Ex. NY’s LGNY for gay market - Underground Press: alternative newspapers of 60s and 70s that criticized cultural and political norms Ex. Village Voice, Rolling Stone- Ethnic Press: Hispanic: 200 papers, 10 million circ.; African American 170 papers The Staff TEST- Publishero Runs the newspaper company and acts as its representative - Editorial o Executive editor o News editor o Section editors: ex. Op-edo Copy editors o Reporters: general assignment, beat reporters o Layout, design, photo - Business TESTo Advertising o Production: runs the presses; computerized; photo-offset printing o Circulation: distribution and sales o Research Support Services - Audit Bureau of Circulation: Verify circulation of newspapers and magazines - Wire Services: AP, UPI, Reuters, other national; 50% of content TEST- Feature Syndicates: Brokers for newspaper entertainment and specialty items: columns, features, cartoons, puzzles - Biggest: o United Media (Scripps-Howard) o King Features (started by Hearst)o Tribune Media Services (Chicago, Tribune chain)o North American Syndicate (Murdoch) o Universal Press Syndicate The Reader - Competition with TV and Internet - Morning newspapers- Issue of younger readers: Average age is late 50s - Public journalism: reporting that becomes involved in, rather than just covering, community issues-