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IUPUI HPER 205 - Trunk and Spinal Column

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Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. What Causes Motion? II. Forces Acting on Human Body III. Torque IV. Stability and Stress Outline of Current Lecture I. Anatomy of the Human Spine II. Vertebral Column III. Spinal Curves IV. The Thorax V. Ligaments and Nerves VI. Bone Health VII. Intervertebral Discs VIII. Motion Segment IX. Cervical Movement X. Lumbar Movement XI. Loads on the Spinal Column XII. Rectus Abdominis XIII. External Obliques XIV. Internal Obliques XV. Tran sve rs us A bd omi ni s XVI. Erector Spinae Muscles XVII. Quadratus Lumborum XVIII. Multifidi XIX. Muscles that Move the Head HPER 205 1st Edition These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best !used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. !XX. Core Training XXI. Abdominal Hollowing vs. Bracing Current Lecture A. Anatomy of the Human Spine 1. One of the most complex and functional segments of the body a. links upper body to lower b. protects spinal cord c. allows motion in all three planes B. Vertebral Column 1. Increase in size from cervical to lumbar to accommodate larger loads 2. Size and angulations change 3. Vertebral Column Bones a. 33 vertebrae b. Five regions - 7 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral (fused) - 4 coccygeal (fused) c. 23 intervertebral discs C. Cervical 1. Smallest 2. First 2 cervical vertebrae a. atlas b. axis c. atlantoaxial joint D. Spinal Curves1. Primary curves a. concave b. present at birth c. thoracic and sacral 2. Secondary Curves a. convex b. develop from supporting head and body c. lumbar and cervical 3. Abnormal Curves a. Lordosis b. Kyphosis c. Scoliosis E. The Thorax 1. 12 pairs of ribs a. 7 true b. 5 false - 3 attach indirectly - 2 floating 2. Sternum a. Manubrium b. Body of sternum c. Xiphoid process F. Ligaments and Nerves 1. Support spine and allows flexibility a. anterior and posterior longitudinal b. ligamentum flavum c. interspinousd. supraspinous 2. 33 pairs of spinal nerves G. Bone Health 1. Vertebral fractures a. major health concern due to osteoporosis b. proximity to spinal cord c. potential to cause severe neural damage, including death H. Intervertebral Discs 1. Two functional structures a. annulus fibrosis b. nucleus pulposus 2. Healthy discs 90& water 3. Very resistant to compressive loads 4. Disc health a. herniated nucleus pulposus b. pressure on spinal cord c. most occur posterolateral I. Motion Segment 1. Functional unit of the spine a. two adjacent vertebrae and soft tissue in between 2. Three joints (gliding) a. 1 intervertebral b. 2 facet 3. Minimal individual movement - more cumulative J. Cervical Movement 1. Cervical region a. flexionb. extension c. lateral flexion d. reduction e. rotation K. Lumbar Movement 1. Lumbar spine including trunk movement a. flexion b. extension c. lateral flexion d. reduction e. rotation L. Loads on the Spinal Column 1. Types a. compression b. tensile c. shear d. bending 2. Lumbar region has highest forces M. Rectus Abdominis 1. Origin a. pubic crest 2. Insertion a. ribs b. xiphoid process 3. Actions a. flexes trunk b. compresses abdomenc. weak lateral flexion N. External Obliques 1. Origin a. lower eight ribs 2. Insertion a. iliac crest b. abdominal aponerousis c. linea alba 3. Actions a. lateral flexion b. rotation c. compression d. flexes trunk O. Internal Obliques 1. Origin a. iliac crest b. lumbar fascia 2. Insertion a. ribs b. linea alba 3. Actions a. lateral flexion b. rotation c. compression d. flexes trunk P. Tr a n s v e r s u s A b d o m i n i s 1. Origina. iliac crest b. lumbar fascia 2. Insertion a. pubic crest b. linea alba 3. Actions a. compression of wall Q. Erector Spinae Muscles 1. AKA sacrospinalis 2. Group of Muscles a. iliocostalis b. longissimuss c. spinalis 3. Actions a. postural support b. extension c. lateral flexion R. Quadratus Lumborum 1. Origin a. iliac crest 2. Insertion a. 12th rub b. lumbar vertebrae 3. Actions a. lateral flexion b. extension c. pelvis stabilizationS. Multifidi 1. Origin a. sacrum, iliac spine, T process lumbar, thoracic and lower 4 cervical vertebrae 2. Insertion a. spinous process of 2,3,4 vertebrae above each origin 3. Actions a. extension of spinal column and contralateral rotation T. M u s c l e s t h a t M o v e t h e H e a d 1. Sternocleidomastoid a. Origin - sternum - clavicle b. Insertion - mastoid process c. Action - flexion of head/neck - lateral flexion and rotation 2. Splenius a. Actions - extension of head/neck - rotation and lateral flexion 3. Intercostals a. Internal and external - breathing U. Core Training 1. Multiple muscles not just abs2. Must start with abdominal hollowing and bracing 3. Have to fire transverse ab and multifidi 4. lower leg test V. Abdominal Hollowing vs. Bracing 1. Hollowing a. Draws umbilicus up and in b. “Sucks!in the gut” c. Activates transverse abdominis and internal oblique muscles d. Is not enough to cause training effect!in healthy patients e. Is effective!for retraining 2. Bracing a. Contracts abdominal b. muscles!with spine in neutral position c. Neither!sucks!in or pushes out d. Activates!all abdominal!wall muscles e. Is superior!to hollowing f. Is used!when performing core strengthening


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IUPUI HPER 205 - Trunk and Spinal Column

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