PSY 223 1stEditionLecture 9Psychosocial development: The first two yearsEmotional development- Emotional reactivity - Social expression- Fear - Separation anxietyBabies learn to experience different emotions as cognitive development allows for. Pride and embarrassment are examples of emotions that come later...why? - These emotions require understanding of social cues/rules/expectations and awareness of self Self-Awareness- Emerges between 15-18 months- Self concept emerges- Mirror test - touching self in the mirror and seeing how the movements are emulated - Use of the words: I, me, mineTemperament- Originating in genes- Affected by environment- Role of parent- Precursor to personality------------------------------------In-Class Temperament Activity--------------------------------Students were asked to form groups and answer the following questions about Infant Temperamentand Attachment (using the internet):These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.How is temperament defined? A person’s nature as it permanently affects their behaviorWhere does temperament originate? What is the theoretical background?Temperament is a result of genetics and environmentWhat are the four categories of temperament used to describe infants? Please describe each category and what behaviors might be associated with each category. Easy- regular in sleeping and eating habits, adaptable, calm, and not easily upset.Difficult- children may be fussy, irregular in feeding and sleeping habits, fearful of new people and situations, easily upset by noise and stimulationSlow to warm up-children may be less active or tend to be fussy, and may withdraw or react negatively tonew situations; but over time they maybe come more positive with repeated exposure to anew person, object, or situation.Hard to classify- these children display a variety of different behaviors with no visible patternHow were these categories identified? Are there any limitations to the methods or sample used? Easy- mild mood intensity, generally positive/happyDifficult- very intense moods, show discomfort in many situationsSlow to warm up- these children show much cautiousness Hard to classify- these children show no traceable patternsIs temperament set in stone? Explain why it is or is not.No, it can change based on environmentWhat role do parents play in a developing temperament?Environment, favorism, behavioral problemsHow does temperament relate to adult personality (see the big five)? Big five: Openness, Conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticismMany of these personality traits have been known to show correlation with temperament, such as difficult babies and neuroticism-------------------------------------Lecture Continuation--------------------------------------------Review Erikson - Trust vs. Mistrust- From birth to 18 months- Trust vs. mistrustThis has to do with whether babies grow to believe that the world is reliable, consistent, and supporting. This belief wavers when needs go