BMB 401 EXAM III FS14THIS IS FORM A. Please put Form A on your scantron before you begin this exam! 1. Please select the True statement regarding the TCA cycle. a. The reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase requires NAD+ and produces NADH.b. Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes an oxidative decarboxylation and produces NADH and CO2. c. Two products of Succinyl CoA synthetase are GTP (or ATP) and Coenzyme Ad. Succinate dehydrogenase is a reversible enzyme that produces alpha ketoglutarate and FADH2. 2. Please select the true statement regarding regulation of the TCA cycle:a. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity is increased by high [succinyl CoA]. b. Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity is increased by high [ATP]c. Malate dehydrogenase is down-regulated by a high ratio of NADH to NAD+d. The reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase cannot be used to produce glucose.3. What is the correct downstream effect of glucagon?a. Increase of intracellular [cAMP].b. Phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase, which increases the activity of this enzyme.c. Phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase, which increases the activity of this enzyme.d. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase, which increases the activity of this enzyme. e. All the above are true. f. Only a, b, and c are true.g. Only a, b, and d are true.h. Only b and c are true.4. Please use the options in Text Box 1 to describe VLDL particles.a. I, III, and VIb. I, IV, and VI c. I, IV, and VII d. I, V, and VI e. I, V, and VII 5. Please use the options in Text Box 1 to describe LDL particles. a. I, III, and VIb. I, IV, and VI c. I, IV, and VII d. I, V, and VI e. I, V, and VII 6. Which of the following is *False* regarding familial hypercholesteremia (FH):a. FH/FH (homozygous individuals) have higher serum cholesterol levels, even in childhood, than +/+ normalindividuals. b. In FH/FH (homozygous individuals), LDL receptor concentration at the cell membrane or LDL receptor function may be lower than normal. c. In FH/FH (homozygous individuals), the high serum cholesterol causes increase of LDL receptor synthesisto bring more cholesterol out of the blood and reduce serum cholesterol. Text Box 1 I. Produced in the liver II. Produced in the small intestine III. Carries mostly insulin IV. Carries mostly triacylglycerol (triacylglyceride)V. Carries mostly cholesterol and cholesterol esters VI. Contains Apo B48f. II, IV, and VI g. II, IV, and VIIh. II, V, and VIIi. III, and VIj. None of the abovef. II, IV, and VI g. II, IV, and VIIh. II, V, and VIIi. III, and VIj. None of the above1BMB 401 EXAM III FS14d. FH/+ (heterozygous individuals) have higher serum cholesterol levels at middle age than +/+ normalindividuals. 7. The enzyme, HMG Co A reductase, catalyzes the first committed step of cholesterol synthesis. True False8. The production of cholesterol and the production of ketone bodies both require acetyl CoA. True False2BMB 401 EXAM III FS149. In cells that primarily require a great deal of NADPH, but not nucleotides, which of the pathways in Text Box II will be used in these cells, and in whatdirection? Select the correct, and mostcomplete answer. a. i only, in the forward direction.b. i and ii, in the forward directionc. ii only, in the reverse directiond. i and ii, in the reverse directione. i, ii, and iv, in the forward directionf. i, ii, iii and v, in the forward direction10. Cells engaged in lipid require both NADPH and ATP equally; which of the pathways in Text Box II will be used in these cells, and in what direction? Select the correct, and most complete answer.a. i only, in the forward direction.b. i and ii, in the forward directionc. ii only, in the reverse directiond. i and ii, in the reverse directione. i, ii, and iv, in the forward directionf. i, ii, iii and v, in the forward direction11. Please select the True statement:a. In liver cells with high [glucose], glycogen phosphorylase a will be inhibited. b. Insulin activation of the insulin receptor results in the phosphorylation of glycogen synthasec. Alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds are broken by glycogen phosphorylase. d. All the above are true.e. There are no true statements here.12. In liver, the activation of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors by epinephrine has the downstream effect of activating glycogen phosphorylase. True False13. Please identify the true statement:a. The electron transport chain includes Cytochrome C, which is a mitochondrial integral membrane protein.b. Fumarase catalyzes a stereospecific addition of water across the double bond of malate to make fumarate. c. Ubiquinol is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. d. None of the above is true.14. Please select the True statement:a. In the malate aspartate shuttle, glutamate receives an amino group from aspartate to yield alpha-ketoglutarate.b. In the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, electrons passed from NADH finally enter the electron transport chain through reduction of ubiquinone. c. In the malate aspartate shuttle, oxaloacetate is transported directly into the mitochondrial matrix.d. None of the above is true.Text Box IIi) Oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway.ii) Non-oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathwayiii) Glycolysisiv) Gluconeogenesisv) The TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.3BMB 401 EXAM III FS1415. Glycogen phosphorylase a is phosphorylated, and favors the relaxed state, whereas non-phosphorylated glycogenphosphorylase b favors the tense state. True False 16. In the muscle, glycogen phosphorylase b can be allosterically activated by high [AMP]. True False 17. Three NADH, one FADH2, and one ATP (or GTP) are made per turn of the TCA cycle, can produce 10 ATP in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. True False18. Glucose 6-phosphate is dephosphorylated by glucose 6-phosphatase and released as free glucose by which tissues? a. Musclesb. Liverc. Kidneysd. Braine. All the abovef. Only a, b, and cg. Only a and bh. Only b and c19. Please state the correct progression of reactions in the following processes (in thenormal forward direction) for fatty acid synthesis by using the terms in Text Box III:a. 1, 3, 1, 6b. 1, 4, 1, 6c. 2, 5, 2, 1d. 2, 8, 5, 8 20. Please state the correct progression of reactions in the following processes (in thenormal forward direction) for fatty acid catabolism by using the terms in Text Box III:a. 1, 3, 1, 6b. 1, 4, 1, 6c. 2, 5, 2, 1d. 2, 8, 5, 821. Please select the true answer:a. The fatty acid,
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