LOGARITHMS THAT MIGHT BE USEFUL ANTILOGS THAT MAY BE USEFULBMB401 Exam I Practice Exam IC Page LOGARITHMS THAT MIGHT BE USEFUL ANTILOGS THAT MAY BE USEFULSS13Amino Acid 1- and 3-letter CodesA Ala Alanine M Met MethionineC Cys Cysteine N Asn AsparagineD Asp Aspartate P Pro ProlineE Glu Glutamate Q Gln GlutamineF Phe Phenylalanine R Arg ArginineG Gly Glycine S Ser SerineH His Histidine T Thr ThreonineI Ile Isoleucine V Val ValineK Lys Lysine W Trp TryptophanL Leu Leucine Y Tyr TyrosineUnit Conversion nM = 10-9 molar, µM=10-6 molar, mM= 10-3 molarpKas of Amino Acid Functional Groups1log 0.01 = -2log 0.1 = -1log 1 = 0log 2 = 0.30log 3 = 0.48log 4 = 0.60log 5 = 0.70log 6 = 0.78anti log 1 = 10anti log 2 = 100anti log 3 = 1000anti log -1 = 1/10anti log -2 = 1/100anti log -3 = 1/ 1000log 7 = 0.84log 8 = 0.90log 9 = 0.95log 10 = 1.0log 100 = 2.0BMB401 Exam I Practice Exam IC Page 1. Please identify the function of the proximal histidine in hemoglobin function: a. This amino acid provides steric hindrance for the entry of CO into the heme oxygen-binding pocket.b. This amino acid makes a hydrogen bond to O2 that is bound to iron, which is in the heme ring. c. This amino acid is a coordination site for the iron, which is in the heme ring.d. Only a, and b are truee. Only a, b, and c are true. 2. Please choose the true statement:a. The R-group of serine causes it to be a non-polar amino acid.b. Glycine is a hydrophobic amino acid.c. The histidine R-group can act like a base under physiologic conditions.d. The asparagine R-group can act as an acid under physiologic conditions. 3. If a reaction A+B <-> C+D has a ∆G˚ of +34.30 Joules per mole, which of the following is true?a. This reaction is thermodynamically favorable in the forward direction. b. The ∆G˚ of C+D <-> A+B = -34.30 Joules per mole.c. The reaction A+B <->C+D is not at equilibrium. d. The reaction A+B <-> C+D is exergonic. e. All the above are true. f. Only b and c are true. g. Only b and d are true.4. Given a reaction, A+B <-> C+D, if the concentrations of C & D increased relative to the concentrations of A & B, what will be the most likely effect on the thermodynamics of the reaction A+B<-> C+D?a. There would be no effect on the thermodynamics. b. ∆G would decrease. c. ∆G would increase. d. The concentrations of products or reactants have no relevance to thermodynamics. 5. Given the reaction A+B <-> C+D above with a ∆G˚ of +34.30 Joules per mole, if this reaction were coupled with another reaction, E+F <-> C +D with a ∆G˚ of +40.50 Joules per mole, which of the following is true? a. The reaction A + B <-> E+F has a ∆G˚ of +74.80 Joules per mole.b. The reaction A + B <-> E+F is unfavorable in the forward direction.c. The reaction A + B <-> E+F has a ∆G˚ of -6.20 Joules per mole.d. The reaction A + B <-> E+F is favorable in the forward direction.e. Only a and b are true.f. Only c and d are true. 6. Which of the following is true?a. In a polar solution like water, hydrophobic amino acids will be more likely to be found buried in the interior of the protein rather than at the surface of the protein, facing the solvent. b. In a non-polar environment, like a membrane, hydrophobic amino acids will be more likely to be found buried in the protein rather than on the surface, facing the non-polar environment.c. Both a and b are true.d. Neither a nor b are true. 7. The energy of attraction or repulsion of an ion pair is inversely proportional to the product of the charges of theions. True False8. In regard to alpha helices, hydrogen bonds that stabilize this structure are parallel to the axis of the helix and are formed between amino acids that are 3 to 4 residues apart. True False9. The small molecule 2,3,BPG binds to histidine residues in hemoglobin, and binds more tightly to adult hemoglobin than fetal hemoglobin. True FalseSS132BMB401 Exam I Practice Exam IC Page 10. Which of the following sets of amino acids, read 1, 2, 3 from left to right contains amino acids that are classified as: 1) basic; 2) aromatic; and 3) aliphatic, branched? a. Arginine; Lysine; Aspartic acidb. Lysine; Tryptophan; Asparaginec. Asparagine; Phenylalanine; Leucined. Lysine; Phenylalanine; Isoleucinee. Leucine: Tryptophan; Valine11. Which of the following is true? a. The highest order of structure seen in myoglobin is secondary structure.b. The highest order of structure of hemoglobin is tertiary structure. c. The myoglobin protein is made of four homologous monomers. d. The primary and tertiary structures of beta-globin and myoglobin show high degrees of homology.e. All of the above are true.f. Only c and d are true12. Which of the following is true? Please note that RNAse A and actin are homologous proteins. a. Chimp RNAse A and Human RNAse A are paralogs, not orthologs. b. Chimp RNAse A and Human RNAse A are both paralogs, and orthologs. c. Chimp RNAse A and chimp actin are paralogs, and not orthologs.d. Chimp RNAse A and chimp actin are both orthologs, and paralogs.13. Select the true statement:a. Buffers are weak acids that buffer most effectively at the pKa of the acid, but can buffer within one pH unit above and below the acid’s pKa. b. The phosphate buffer system is the primary blood buffer in our bodies.c. At the pKa of an acid, the acid and its conjugate base are at equimolar concentrations. d. Free amino acids can function as buffers.e. All the above are true.f. Only a, c, and d are true.14. Select the true statement: a. Secondary structures are primarily formed by hydrophobic interactions among main chain atoms.b. Amino acid R-groups fill the interior of alpha helices.c. Nucleic acid molecules are comprised of nucleotides that are linked together by phosphodiester bonds to form a polymer. d. Prolines are amino acids that are common and stabilizing in alpha helices.15. Select the true statement:a. Peptide bonds have a resonance structure that is comprised of a single and double bond.b. Peptide bonds have partial double bond characteristics. c. The nature of the peptide bond is such that free rotation about the bond is negligible. d. All the above are true. e. Only b and c are true16. Select the **FALSE** statement:a. Motifs are recognized by the presence of secondary structural
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