HST 096 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture An analysis of the three assigned readings by White, Van Kirk, and Fancis/Morantz and notes from the readings. Marriage/intermarriage, trading,cultural adaptation are all topics within the lecture. This very much builds off of Tuesdays lectures.Outline of Current Lecture The Revolution and its Aftermath, 1763-95Indian Wars of Independence, 1760-- Cherokee- Delaware/Pontiac’s RebellionIndians and the American War of Independence, 1775-83- e.g. Cherokee- e.g. Iroquois/Sullivan CompanyIndians and the Legacy of the Revolution, 1783- Treaty of Paris (1783)- Fort Stanwix, etc…- Haldimand Grant/Joseph Brant/Six Nations ReserveEarlier Cycles of Conquest- Sea otter trade (aka maritime fur trade)- Smallpox pandemic, 1779-84These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Current Lecture1763- Treaty of Paris signed and the French Indian war is ended, France cedes its massive internal holdings in US to Britain (Indians not included in talks, nor their rights to land)Britain has huge expenses to pay and war debts, begins to tax colonies to pay, this leads to an antagonized American populationIndians considered beaten people and their land is taken by BritishAnglo-Americans begin to clash with the nativesCherokee war of Indian war of Independence or Anglo Cherokee war- Follows scalping of warriors from British army by Virginia militiamen- British fight the Cherokee, who ask for peace, land is takenPontiac’s war in 1763- Amherst following 7 year war takes away gift giving- Turns dogs and germs on Indians- Seer Neolin sees that to overcome everyone must give up the European culture- Pontiac helped create Pan-Indian rebellion and in May of 1763 he leads Indians to retake former Indian land, kills over 2,000 people and takes many forts- Treaty made in 1766 by British with Pontiac, and he is pardoned.- Also in 1763 West of that line was Indian land Proclamation of 1763, future negotiation with correct delegates would allow for purchase of land, people were not allowed to go West without Crown permission- This line though was completely useless, people wanted to move West- Also colonial elite saw it as England’s attempt to take lands for its self and gain personal wealth- Settlers pour into lands West- American Revolution comes and this is the beginning of the endCherokee- Cherokee land is cut to ribbons and taken with a number of treatise- Daniel Boone leads settlers to Kentucky- His son and another man captured, tortured to death- Leads to Cherokee war between Cherokee and Virginia- Eventually there is Second Cherokee war (Dragging Canoe's war)- Militias(all during Revolutionary war) rampage through Cherokee land, Cherokee warrior front broken- In 1775, The Cherokee sign treaties giving up land- Dragging Canoe led dissidents West to Tennessee to wage guerilla warThe Natives fought on both sides and tribes were divided between each side (British and America)Iroquois- Trading partners with British, sided with British all the way up through- Proclamation in 1763 there land was cut in half, they finally signed treaty- Revolution comes about and despite trying to stay neutral they do not- 2 join Americans, 4 join stay with the British- Civil war of Iroquois Nation- Iroquois led fights against soldiers and settlers of Americans- Led by Mohawk Joseph Brant and Seneca Cornplanter- Revolutionary War carnage was terrible on Western front- Indians choose wrong side and with our yearning for territory Indians suffer- Revolution had brought race hatred to fruition and they would continue till the end of the 1800s because they no longer posed a threat militarilySullivan Campaign- Total destruction of the settlements and capture of as many individuals as possible, ruin crops, prevent their future ability to harm America- 1779 They burn at least 40 villages, killed populace, destroyed storehouses- The death toll that following even higher than from the actual expedition- Breaks the back of the Iroquois confederacyLegacyHardening of Racial stereotypesLoss of HomelandAmericans win sweeping land gains (even from allied Indians)Both the Spanish and English viewed the Indians as a means to prevent the spread of the US. They provided goods and refuge to Indians.Pacific Coast-----Fur Trade started there by Russians in 1740s- British and Americans quickly entered the game- Was at its peak in 1790- Also had presence of Hudson’s Bay and Russian Fur trade Company- Over hunting led to the endangering of Otter- Disease, slaving, alcohol, Native move from subsistence.- Maritime fur trade of Pacific leaves unlike like on East CoastSmall pox outbreak of 1775-82- Started in Boston during the beginning of the Revolution- Major killer on both sides- Moved south and west- Hit new Orleans, Texas, Then to Mexico - Then went north as far as Alaska- Destroyed as much as 30% of the native population-Chapter 4 reading- Treaty of Paris (1763)- Huge territory changed hands, France ceded Canada and claims east of Mississippi to Britain and Louisiana to Spain - Proclamation of 1763- Called for the prevention of settling past the Appalachian mountains- Treaty of Paris (1783)- Recognized America as nation, border established at Great Lakes, Mississippi, and Florida’s Northern Border. Indians heavy presence not considered. - Smallpox pandemic of 1779-84- Pontiac's War- Indians fought the aggressive victors of the French Indian War and took all forts West of the Appalachians except Niagara, Detroit and Pitt - Sea otter trade-- What role did Indian People play in the American Revolution? - What was the consequence of the American Revolution for Native People? Notes:By 1815 Indian Power East of the Mississippi was destroyed1787 Northwest Ordinance Proclaimed that US would observe “the utmost good faith”in its dealings with Indian people, no annexation, unless in authorized warsDOCUMENTS for Thursday: Henry Stuart's Report from Cherokee Country Saukamappee's 'We knew nothing until it brought death among us' Mary Jemison’s narrative of the Revolutionary War years