Psych 344 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture II. The Era of Modern Psychology III. Wundt, Titchener, James, Thorndike, FreudIV. BehaviorismOutline of Current Lecture V. Problems experienced in behavioral researchVI. Demand CharacteristicsVII. Ways to control demand characteristics Current LectureProblems experienced in behavioral research - Hawthorne Affect- People work more productively when watched - Reactivity- bias in responses that occurs because participants are aware that they are being observed- Social desirability- people provide what they consider to be the socially acceptable response- Environmental cues- stimuli in environment cause misperception- Experimenter expectancies- subjects may want to help experimenters prove their hypothesis. The experimenter may provide cues that indicate the type of response they want in a particular condition (self-fulfilling prophecy). Ways to control Demand Characteristics- Blind/double- blind procedures- participants are kept away from information regarding experimenter’s expectations and behaviors they are looking for- Neutral cues- instructions are presented without any indication of what is expected of you. Put instructions on computer screens. As little contact with experimenter as possible- Habituation- getting used to something. Can be used to reduce Hawthorne affect. Neutralizes reactivity. Allow participants to warm up to experimental situation. (ex. Practice trials) Babies habituate very quickly. Exposure to equipment. - Experimental realism- engage participants so they forget about demand characteristicsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Deception- tell subjects you are monitoring one behavior, while really monitoring a different one. (ex. Milgram experiment). 1. Most often used in social or motivational/ emotional studies2. Famous example: Asch’s conformity study- Unobtrusive measures1. Two-way mirror (ex. Ainsworth’s strange situation)2. Recording machines (video/audio)- Distractor task- distracts participant from real purpose of study. (ex. Holding pen in mouth, facial feedback study)- Placebo- Concealed experiment- field experiment 1. Do not tell subjects what part of an experiment they are in, or what treatment they are gettingWhat to do about problem of participants telling future participants what study is about?- Ask them not to tell others- Complete study quickly - Use participants from different locations- Disguise
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