Chem 103 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. The Structure of Atomsa. Protonsb. Neutronsc. ElectronsII. Atomic NumberIII. Mass NumberIV. IsotopesV. Relative massesVI. Isotopes and Atomic WeightsVII. The MoleOutline of Current Lecture I. Calculationsa. Involving Elementsb. Involving Compoundsc. Mass PercentageII. Periodic Lawa. Periodic TableCurrent LectureCalculationsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Calculations involving elements- Calculations used in last lecture can apply when doing problems- Ex: 1 mole Ca = 40.08 g Ca = 6.022 x 1023 Ca atomso Any two of these can be used as factorso For example, to calculate the number of moles of Ca contained in a 15.84 g sample of Ca…o 15.84 g Ca x = 0.3952 mole Caoo Note: The g Ca cancel each other out. This is a good practice, as it can serve as a way to check your answer. If your units don’t cancel out to the correct unit, you’ve done something wrongCalculations involving compounds- Calculations can also apply to molecules or atoms within the molecule- Ex: CO2o 1 mole CO2 molecules = 1 mole C atoms + 2 moles O atomso 44.01 g CO2 = 12.01 g C + 32.00 g Oo 6.022x1023 CO2 molecules = 6.022x1023 C atoms + (2) 6.022x1023 O atoms- Ex: How many moles of O atoms are contained in 11.57 g of CO2?o 11.57 g CO2x = 0.5258 moles O - Ex: How many CO2molecules are needed to produce 50.00 g of C?o 50.00 g C x = 2.507 x 1024 CO2 molecules- The factors used in these problems are from the list aboveMass Percentage- Used to find the percentage of a molecule’s mass that an element takes up- Equation (when finding C in CO2): - Ex:o In CO2, 44.01 g CO2 = 12.01 g C + 32.00 g Oo So when plugged into the formula:Periodic LawThe current periodic law: Elements with similar chemical properties occur at regular (periodic) intervals when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers.The Periodic Table:- Tabular arrangement of the elements according to periodic law- Groups/Familyo Vertical columns of the periodic table1 mole Ca40.08 g Ca2 mole O 44.01 g CO26.022 x 10 23 CO2 molecules12.01 g Co Elements with similar chemical propertieso Labelled with either the traditional Roman numbers and letter or the modern numbers 1-18- Periodo Horizontal rows of the periodic tableo Numbered from top to bottom- Elements 58-71 and 90-103 not placed in correct periods, but rather placed below the periodic table (to save