GHIST 101 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. Romea. Lasting effects of Roman rule b. Etruscan civilization c. Greek Colonization d. Foundation myth of Rome e. Early Republic Outline of Current Lecture II. Romea. Centuriate Assemblyb. Tribal Assemblyc. Early Republicd. Hortensian Law e. Society and ReligionIII. Society in Early Republic IV. Middle republic a. Punic Warsb. Hannibal and Carthage V. Establishment of Roman Hegemony a. Just Wars Current LectureRome- Centuriate Assemblyo Elected all magistrates who exercised imperiumo From military to civilizationo Five classes and 193 voting units - Tribal assembly o Elected magistrates: Magistrates who did not exercise imperium o Membership- adult male Roman citizeno 35 voting unit: tribes- Early Republic o Codification of the law  Decemviri and the incident and verginia, 452 BC These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Twelve bronze tablets, foundation of Roman private law -> twelve tables o Plebeian tribunate  intervene on behalf of any roman citizen if they were treated unfairly byany member of the patrician class – forbid all other magistrates from stopping their laws  Created in 494 BC; 2 – to tributes o Council of Plebs and the tribal assembly Made of smaller assembly made of only plebians Use to elect plebian tribune o Hortensian Law, 287 BC Economic difficulties- Many plebians struggles with their time / harvest - Busy fighting and in the battle field that they had no time to work in the fields to harvest crops and support their family  The Senate’s ignorance  Quintus Hortensius as the dictator  Result: no approval needed in the Senate in the future o Society and Religion in the Early Republic  Household – father is the head of the household - Father displays authority over slaves o Enjoys absolute authority o Could kill anyone in the family o If the father died, the son would take over authority - Basic unit- Paternal authority and Lordship of the head - Household estate and inheritance  Education and virtue - No public education in Rome o Only privatized – only rich families could put their children in training - Family trainingo Father taught family especially in sports and farming - Young man became member of the assemblies at 18o He often chose to leave family to establish new family- Highest virtue: piety o The performance of one’s obligations to the gods, state, and clan o Piety was highly praised by Roman people and had many important legacies written in their historyo Always honor law by sacrificing own intersts and family members and become models for everyone in society  Respect for tradition Social activities - Festivals – Saturnali Household life - Had a big room called an atrium that was the center of the house– rented place to small shops- Housing: food o Wheat and oatmeal o Meat for celebrations o Very healthy o Society in the Early Republic  Economic conditions- Agricultural society o Didn’t realize importance of tradeo Eventually, their economy developed and they needed a coin system - Coinageo Bronze -> silver o 1 silver coin = 10 pounds of bronze - Slavery o Important institution in Rome o Famers who lost everything or captives of the waro Could be freed by their masters if they did something praise worthy - Religious beliefs o Multiple Deities o Importance of ritual  Appointed by state – priests had no personal connections with the deities Priests were civil officials with function of administration of ceremonies  No intimate religion between people and deity - Only state sacrifice to god o Priesthoodo State cult: Jupiter, Juno, Mars - Early Literatureo Technical and professional rather than artistico No poems, dramas, fictionso Government documents, contractso Important for hisotrianso Middle Republic Punic Wars (264-241 BC, 218 – 201 BC) - Rome vs. Carthage o Carthage was a sea power o Direct confrontation between rome and carthage o The war between these two states was called Punic Wars  Number of Punic wars lasting for 100 years o The Carthaginians controlled navy and Mediterranean seao Romans didn’t have navy, awakened by threatso Romans were still powerful and used all of their resources to build hundreds of vessels - Sicily, south Spain, north Africa - Hannibal (247 – 181 BC)o Legendary Carthaginian commander He wanted to attack Rome in Italy (home base)  Brilliant but unique idea Took 50,000 men with him across mountains and entered northern Italy  Half of his soldiers died along the way  Also brought elephants with them and 2/3 of those elephants had died o Journey to Italyo Battle of Cannae  Greek were defeated Bloodiest defeat in the entire history of Rome Rome organized 80,000 men – wanted to use power to crush army of Hannibal o Establishment of Roman Hegemony  “Just Wars”- Ironic claim by Romans- Argued that every war they had, they had no choice because the enemy was a threat to their order and they had no other choice but to fight - They were pushed by all the