COMM 122 1stEditionLecture 5Outline of Last LectureTop Shows Watched Media Technologies Impacts III. Programming TodayIV. LawsV. Emergence of BroadcastingVI. KDKAVII. Purpose of ProgrammingVIII. Cross LicensingOutline of Current LectureI. Radio After 1927II. 1934 Communications ActIII. Top Network Show of the 1930’sIV. TelevisionCurrent LectureRadio after 1927… Emergence of TV:Last November, Obama made favorable speech about Net NeutralityRegulate internet as a telecommunication service, common carrier instead of an information service (treat all data the same) FCC doesn't have to do what the President asks Content provider (Netflix, Amazon, Google) vs Internet provider (providedata— Comcast, AT&T, Verizon)— law suits against FCC These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Outline:1888: Hertz proves radio waves exist 1896: Marconi registers his patient 1906: DeForest invents Audio Tube/ Triode 1912: First Law/ Radio Act 1916: Sarnoff Early 1920’s:Navy gives up control of radio Marconi sells assets to GE, creates RCA with AT&T and Westinghouse KDKA starts broadcasting Hundreds of radio stations pop upPublic buys millions of radios (sold by RCA) Mid 1920’s:Early cross-licensing agreements fall apart Unsettled questions— Who supplies the programs?— Ad-supporters or not?— Common carrier or not? (Toll Broadcasting) 2nd Phase: early agreements fell apart because AT&T couldn’t believe how many radios were being sold (just control networking) AT&T sells stations to RCA, quits broadcasting (keeps relays and phones) RCA creates NBC RED and NBC blue network Radio Act of 1927: Commercial/ non profit stations pushed out (ignored by the law)— dominant media are determining what the regulations areAfter Radio Act of 1927: (“Golden Age of Radio”— people payed less attention to the novelty and more attention to the programming)Interference died down More stability Not many sponsors providing programs Broadcasters that distribute the programs can also own them Massive audiences being exposed to the same messages at the same time— anonymous and heterogeneous (most targeted— this designed to reach everyone) Coin of exchange: common culture (coast to cost networks by 1928) Special Features:No literacy required No mobility required Cheaper than movieRestructured area of life (leisure) Commanded more time Music dominant by 1923:Content analysis of WJZ— May- December 1923: Musical programs dominant early on Range of programs widening, 1930’s all different kinds of genres— production more sophisticated (sounds affects) Radio- news instantly 1798 Musical Programs 998 Talk Programs 17 Talk and Band 88 Banquets and Church21 Sports 40 Plays Radio: dominant focus of family interaction Digression and Regulation:Federal Radio Commission— only supposed to be temporary, but kept coming in— law controlled by law industry 1932: Roosevelt elected, wants new law Transportation— Interstate Commerce Commission Power: Federal Power Commission New industry (law) that would regulate all communication into one agency— Communications Act of 1934 Communications Act of 1934:Incorporated the Radio Act of 1927— added jurisdiction over Interstate and foreign wire communication (telephone) Competing bill (Wagner Hatfield Bill)— scrap system, get rid of all Broadcasting licenses—- allocate 25% of channels space for nonprofit, nonprofit uses (education, religion, labor) Public vs Corporate interest 1934 Comm Act PassedNo educational provisions Licenses extended to 3 years FCC will grant/revoke licenses based on “public interest, convenience, or necessity Station ID’s every half hourCombined jurisdiction the ability to regulate wire communication (telephone telegraph) and wireless communication (radio) within a single federal agency Incorporated almost everything about broadcasting from 1927 Radio Act— just added oversight of wire based communication By the late 30’s:Radio networks were extremely powerful (NBC Red, NBC Blue, CBS) 1946: Anti-trust— NBC forced to give up one network; Blue became ABC GE forced to give up share in RCA/NBC Networks dominated radio until 1960’s Top Network Show of the 1930’s: “Amos n Andy” (how media programming reflects etiology)— idea of racism never occurred to anyone (white men disguised as black men) Earlier name: “Sam n Henry” Record and sell programs to others (they put it on the air): syndicationVersion of black English— maintaining stereotypes they expect it to be— told whites that blacks are happy the way they are (oppression)— created significant black, white tensions Each new medium goes through a new phase Ran on the radio for 34 years—images and values have changed since then Para social interaction: we think we know and understand radio so they are our friends Television: took away the mass audience from radioEarly version: mechanical with spinning wheels April 1927: Philo T. Farnsworth shifted from Mechanical scanning to electronic televisionFirst electronic television for pickup and display Sarnoff struggled to buy his patents 2007 Broadway show about their battles 60—120 lines—240 lines —343 lines— 441 lines—525 lines (enough to introduce television— bound to affect all society— David Sarnoff) National Television Systems Committee (NTSC): had to reach a point and say that will be the standard so that people can buy television•