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SC SPTE 110 - Trends in Interscholastic Sport

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Lecture 7CHAPTER 7: INTERSCHOLASTIC AND INTERCOLLEGIATE SPORTTrends in Interscholastic (High School) SportU.S. participation at all-time high in 2008-2009, 55.2% of students (Texas has most)Most popular sports (by participant numbers)Boys: Football, track, basketball, baseball, soccerGirls: Track, basketball, volleyball, softball, soccerPlay for same reasons seen in youth sport (such as fun, skills, exercise)Types of Participants in High School SportsReluctant participants: Of participants, 25% joined due to outside pressure. (least popular)Image-conscious socializers: Of participants, 40% are motivated by rewards or approval.Competence-oriented athletes: These participants play for the love of the game and for self-achievement. (most popular)Interscholastic Sport and CommunityCommunity programs often feed high school teams.Most successful interscholastic programs have solid youth programs.More affluent areas have better facilities.High school teams become more selective due to the talent pool, increasing the competitive nature.Positive Effects of Participation in High School SportBetter academic performance, attendanceDevelopment of moral, social, and long-term healthResistance to drug and alcohol abuseSuccess in collegeFewer behavioral problemsBetter self-imageDevelopment of leadership skillsNegative Effects of Participation in High School SportCharacter development research is not clear.Are people with good character attracted to sport or does sport help develop good characterStatistics do not include students who cannot play due to low grades.Increases tendency to binge drink.Not drinking often, but when drinking they drink a lot at one timeEmphasis is on athletics rather than academics.Girls struggle with identity conflict between traditional values and new opportunities.Negative Socioeconomic Effects of Participation in High School SportSchools now implement fee system that reinforces elitism and decreases participation by 30%Better facilities and resources in higher socioeconomic areasAthletes are generally from more privileged backgrounds, giving them a head startTensions (athletes vs. nonathletes)Intercollegiate Sport ProfileNCAA governs 1288 schoolsNAIA (National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics) governs 300 schoolsNational Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) governs 550 two-year schools418,000 NCAA athletes in 23 sports1981-1982: Men 167,055, women 64,3902007-2008: Men 240,261, women 178,084^^Effects of Title IXBasketball top sport for men and women# of teams not # of participantsAIAW (Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women)Governed women’s sports until 1981Until 1981, Intercollegiate Athletics for Women ran women’s sports.NCAA DivisionsDivision IFBS = 119 collegesFCS = 119 collegesI – non-football = 93 collegeDivision II = 291 collegesDivision III = 429 collegesHead count sport—every person on scholarship counts as 1 (soccer)Equivalency sport—split up scholarship (baseball, track, golf)Discussion: What is positive about intercollegiate sport?What is negative?Positives About Intercollegiate SportSchool prideDistraction from hard workFameFree publicity from mediaHelps with future employmentHelps with discipline and time managementNegatives About Intercollegiate SportAthletic programs often lose money.Pressured to operate as big business.Athletes sometimes not academically ready.Dexter ManlyUsed to play for the Red SkinsWent to college at Oklahoma State University, all Pro Defensive end, got in trouble with some drug charges, once arrested became aware that Dexter Manly was illiterate-- could not read or writeLack of time affects athletes’ grades.Lack of time affects social life, circle of friends.Programs sometimes engage in illegal recruiting.Athletes isolated on campus.“Easy” majors are encouraged.Sport events can be big parties for studentsRobert SmithOhio State running back, ESPN analyst now, had huge disagreements with his college coaching staff. Smith wanted to be a doctor, his coach’s discouraged him from pursuing that because he would miss practices for classes and labs. Cut short his pro career because of his interest in his academicsThe Drake Group: 7 Suggested Reforms for College Sport1. Athletes must maintain 2.0 GPA.2. No freshman eligibility allowed.3. Sport may not conflict with class schedule.4. Reform one-year renewable scholarships.5. Eliminate term student-athlete.6. Remove special academic support.7. Publicly disclose course information.Discussion: How realistic are the Drake Group’s suggestions?What other approaches are being tried?SPTE 110 1st Edition Lecture 7 CHAPTER 7: INTERSCHOLASTIC AND INTERCOLLEGIATE SPORT Trends in Interscholastic (High School) Sport- U.S. participation at all-time high in 2008-2009, 55.2% of students (Texas has most)- Most popular sports (by participant numbers)- Boys: Football, track, basketball, baseball, soccer- Girls: Track, basketball, volleyball, softball, soccer- Play for same reasons seen in youth sport (such as fun, skills, exercise) Types of Participants in High School Sports- Reluctant participants: Of participants, 25% joined due to outsidepressure. (least popular)- Image-conscious socializers: Of participants, 40% are motivated by rewards or approval.- Competence-oriented athletes: These participants play for the love of the game and for self-achievement. (most popular)Interscholastic Sport and Community- Community programs often feed high school teams.- Most successful interscholastic programs have solid youth programs.- More affluent areas have better facilities.- High school teams become more selective due to the talent pool, increasing the competitive nature. Positive Effects of Participation in High School Sport- Better academic performance, attendance - Development of moral, social, and long-term healthThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Resistance to drug and alcohol abuse- Success in college- Fewer behavioral problems- Better self-image- Development of leadership skills Negative Effects of Participation in High School Sport- Character development research is not clear.o Are people with good character attracted to sport or does sport help develop good character - Statistics do not include students who cannot play due to low grades. - Increases tendency to binge drink.o Not


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