1. By crossing different varieties of peas Gregor Mendel discovered the principles of heredity.2. Chromatin consists of DNA, histones, and other proteins.3. Which of the following statements about alleles is False? They occupy different sites on homologous chromosomes.4. If two genes are linked, then by definition they occur on the same chromosome.5. Polyploidy refers to the gain of a complete set of chromosomes.6. Cytoplasmic inheritance in plants involves genes present in the: mitochondria and plastids.7. In the ladder analogy of DNA structure, the sides of the ladder are composed of: alternating sugars and phosphates.8. RNA contains uracil instead of thymine found in DNA.9. Exons are segments of a gene that are translated into protein.10. Which of the following statements concerning noncoding RNAs is FALSE? They are types of tRNA molecules11. By definition, a transformed cell contains and expresses a recombinant DNA molecule12. Which of the following statements concerning restriction enzymes is FALSE? They recognize single-stranded DNA sequences13. An example of a selectable marker gene is ampR.14. When the lac Z gene technique is used to detect recombinant DNA in host bacterial cell the colonies will appear white if the cells have been successfullytransformed.15. One important characteristic the Taq polymerase is its resistance to high temperature16. “Golden rice” is notable because of its: high B carotene content17. The BT gene is transferred for the purpose of: conferring resistance to caterpillars.18. Agrobacterium induces the formation of crown-gall tumors by transferring from the Ti plasmid to the T-DNA.19. Cross-pollination between individuals of the same species is called outcrossing20. The binomial for poison ivy is Toxicodendron radicans. To what genus does this plant belong? Toxicodendron21. The binomial for the coast redwood is Sequoia sempervirens. What is the species name of this plant? Sequoia sempervirens22. Phylogeny refers to the: evolutionary history of an organism23. According to the serial endosymbiotic theory, chloroplasts evolved from bacteria.24. Which of the following describes sporic meiosis? It is characteristic of organisms having an alternation of generations25. When the zygote first divides, the two daughter cells are the apical cell and the basal cell.26. The procambium is the precursor of the xylem and phloem27. Where does the shoot apical meristem arise in eudicot embryos? Between the two cotyledons.28. The cotyledon of grasses is called a(n) scutellum.29. In a grass embryo, the coleorhiza encloses the radicle30. Which of the following would not typically cause coat-imposed dormancy? Prevention of the release of growth promoters from the seed31. Which of the following statements about the shoot and root apical meristem is FALSE? They lose the potential to divide soon after embryogenesis is complete32. The three tissue systems of vascular plants are the dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems33. The rays found in secondary vascular tissue consists of parenchyma cells34. Perforation plates are characteristic of the vessel elements of angiosperms.35. Albuminous cells are thought to have the same function as companion cells.36. Stomata are the pores between guard cells.37. Subsidiary cells of grasses are most closely associated with which of the following? Guard cells38. In gymnosperms and eudicots, the primary root is called the: taproot39. Gravity- is perceived by the: rootcap40. The presence of Casparian strips forces substances entering and leaving the vascular cylinder to pass through the protoplasts of endodermal cells.41. Which of the following statement about monocot roots is FALSE? The main root system has one prominent root42. At the center of most eudicot roots is metaxylem.43. The vascular cambium is initiated by cells between the primary xylem and primary phloem44. A pneumatophore is produced by mangrove trees (negatively gravitropic)45. In the center of maize roots is a pith46. Extensions of vascular tissues into the leaves from the stem are called leaf traces47. The inhibitory field hypothesis of lead arrangement states that existing leaf primordia prevent the initiation of new primordial48. Unlike the leaves of eudicots, most monocot leaves have parallel venation49. In the Sambucus stem, phloem differentiates toward the outside and xylem differentiates toward the center50. A leaf having a rachis is a pinnately compound
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