1. Perforation plates are characteristic of the _____ of _____ .a. Vessel elements; gymnospermsb. Tracheids; seedless vascular plantsc. Vessel elements; angiospermsd. Tracheids; gymnospermse. Tracheids; angiosperms2. The Rhizosphere is the layer of:a. Mucigel bound to the rootb. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rootc. Sloughed off rootcap cellsd. Soil interphase bound to the roote. Root hairs and Mucigel3. When plants self-pollinate, they are undergoing:a. Gene flowb. Natural selectionc. Inbreedingd. Mutatione. Genetic drift4. Maternal inheritance in plants involves genes present in the:a. Mitochondria b. Mitochondria and plastidsc. Plastidsd. Cytosole. Cytosol and plastids5. In the shoot apex, the procambium originates from the:a. Peripheral meristemb. Ground meristemc. Meristemic capd. Intercalary meristem6. Sexual reproduction:a. Increase ability of sterile species hybrid population to gain fertility (polyploidization)b. Also typical for plants, however they can reproduce frequently asexually as wellc. Is also known as vegetative reproductiond. Is not common in higher plantse. Results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent7. The cork cambium produces _____ on its outer surface and ____ on its inner surface.a. Phelloderm; corkb. Phellogen; phellemc. Cork; phellodermd. Phellogen; phelloderme. Phelloderm; phellogen8. Callose is a _____ deposited in the _____ of sieve elements.a. Carb; pitsb. Protein; pitsc. Fat; perforation platesd. Protein; porese. Carb; pores9. A prop root is:a. A stem like rootb. A flower like rootc. An underground root which pops upd. A specialized root haire. An aerial root supporting and also absorbing nutrients10. In Arabidopsis, the Protoderm originates from the:a. L3b. Corpusc. Cortexd. L1e. L211. Root hairs are produced in the :a. Region of elongationb. Region of maturationc. Quiescent centerd. Area between the regions of cell division and elongatione. Region of cell division12. The gametophyte:a. Is the dominant generation in vascular plantsb. Stores more genetic information than the sporophytec. Is the haploid generation, occurs in organisms having sporic meiosisd. Is the spore-producing generatione. Is produced from the gametes13. The sieve tube elements:a. Are involved in secretionb. Are capable of further cell divisionsc. Have cytoplasmd. Can photosynthesizee. Can initiate adventitious roots or shoots14. In the angiosperm shoot apex, the bulk of the corpus corresponds to the:a. Peripheral meristemb. Intercalary meristemc. Meristematic capd. Pith meristeme. Central mother cell zone15. When the lacZ gene technique is used to detect recombinant DNA in host bacterial cells, the colonies will appear _____ if the cells have been successfully transformed.a. Greenb. Fluorescentc. Redd. Whitee. Blue16. The function of lenticels in the periderm root is to:a. Allow for gas exchangeb. Stimulate the vascular cambiumc. Produce corkd. Serve as a barrier to the passage of mineralse. Stimulate phelloderm formation17. One clear evolutionary trend in the vascular plants is the increasing dominance of:a. Gametic meiosisb. The sporophytec. The gametophyted. Isomorphic life cyclese. Zygotic meiosis18. Growth in plants functions as the _____ in animals to reach for something.a. Irritabilityb. Reproductionc. Developmentd. Motilitye. Differentiation19. Chromatin does not consist of:a. Histonesb. Nucleosomesc. Looped domainsd. DNAe. Pigments20. Colchicine is used in the lab to:a. Stimulate the rate of point mutationsb. Increase the chromosome number of plant cellsc. Decrease the percentage of linked genesd. Cause the formation of transposonse. Stimulate crossing over21. The most common type of ground tissue is:a. Xylemb. Sclerenchymac. Collenchymad. Parenchymae. Epidermis22. Outcrossing is pollination by:a. A distantly related speciesb. An unknown speciesc. A close related speciesd. Another individual of the same speciese. Another flower of the same individual plant23. In eudicots seeds in which most of the food from the endosperm is translocated into the embryo, the cotyledons:a. Are absentb. Develop into the scutellumc. Are large and fleshyd. Absorb more stored food during resumption of embryonic growth during germinatione. Are thin and membranous24. Duplication of the chromosome number of an individual is called:a. Inbreedingb. Outcrossingc. Apomixesd. Recombination speciatione. Polyploidization25. In dicots, the root system commonly develops from:a. The secondary rootb. The prop rootc. Adventitious rootsd. The primary roote. Branch roots26. Which of the following statements about genetic variability is true?a. As the number of chromosomes increases, the chance of reconstituting the same set that was present in the original diploid nucleus increases.b. One of the genetic consequences of meiosis is a decrease in genetic variability.c. Because of crossing overs, a cell having n pairs of chromosomes has the potential to produce considerably less than 2n different gametesd. It is nearly impossible for any cell produced by meiosis to be genetically different from each other.e. In meiosis, there are 2n possible ways of distributing n pairs of chromosomes among the resulting haploid cells.27. The process by which a plant is derived from an embryo is:a. Developmentb. Morphogenesisc. Deprimationd. Interactione. Differentiation28. Which of the following statements about meiosis is false:a. It produces a total of two daughter nuclei.b. It produces cells with one homolog of each homologous pair.c. It consists of two successive nuclear divisions.d. It is a source of new combinations of chromosomes.e. It produces cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.29. Modern biological classification began witha. Jean Baptiste de Lamarckb. Caspar Bauhinc. Gregor Mendeld. Charles Darwine. Carl Linnaeus30. Which of the following is true about gametic meiosis?a. The zygote is the only diploid cell in the life cycle.b. The diploid stage is dominant in the life cycle, haploid stage reduced to the gametes.c. It occurs in most animals.d. The gametes are the only haploid cells in the life cycle.e. It is characteristic of organisms having an alternation of generations.31. By definition, an endosymbiont is an organism that:a. Is a phagocyteb. Lives within a nonliving substancec. Is a parasited. Functions as an organelle within the cells of another organisme. Lives within another dissimilar organism with mutual benefits32. In vascular plants, the long distance