Chapter 23: Cells and Tissues of the Plant BodyMultiple-Choice Questions1. Introduction; p. 538; moderate; ans: dWhich of the following statements about the shoot and root apical meristems is FALSE?a. They are perpetually young tissues or cells.b. They are established during embryogenesis.c. It is through their activity that most plant development occurs.d. They lose the potential to divide soon after embryogenesis is complete.e. They generate cells that give rise to roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.2. Apical Meristems and Their Derivatives; p. 538; difficult; ans: eIn contrast to derivatives, initials:a. differentiate more quickly.b. are located in the shoot apical meristem.c. are located in the root apical meristem.d. undergo cell division.e. give rise to more initials and derivatives.3. Apical Meristems and Their Derivatives; p. 539; moderate; ans: cWhich of the following statements about primary growth is FALSE? a. It results in extension of the plant body.b. It involves the formation of primary tissues.c. It results in the thickening of the stem and root.d. It gives rise to the primary plant body.e It results from activity of the root and shoot apical meristems.4. Apical Meristems and Their Derivatives; p. 539; easy; ans: cWhen a botanist uses the word “indeterminate,” she is referring to the: a. ability of seeds to germinate under any conditions.b. secondary growth of the plant body.c. unlimited growth of the apical meristems.d. developmental plasticity of the plant.e ability of plants to modify their relationships with the environment.5. Growth, Morphogenesis, and Differentiation; p. 540; moderate; ans: eMost of the growth of a plant body is the result of:a. morphogenesis.b. embryogenesis.c. differentiation.d. cell division.e. cell enlargement.6. Growth, Morphogenesis, and Differentiation; p. 540; moderate; ans: bMorphogenesis refers to:a. an irreversible increase in size.b. the acquisition of a particular shape.c. the sum of all the events that lead to formation of an organism’s body.d. the process by which cells become different from one another.e. the fate of a plant cell.7. Growth, Morphogenesis, and Differentiation; p. 540; moderate; ans: cThe developmental fate of a plant cell is determined mostly by:a. its growth rate.b. its developmental plasticity.c. its final position.d. whether it is an initial or a derivative.e. whether it is determinate or indeterminate.8. Growth, Morphogenesis, and Differentiation; pp. 540–541; difficult; ans: d____________ refers to the phenomenon whereby a cell becomes increasingly committed to a courseof development that weakens its ability to resume growth. a. Positional informationb. Competencyc. Indeterminate growth d. Determinatione. Differentiation9. Internal Organization of the Plant Body; p. 541; easy; ans: aThe three tissue systems of vascular plants are: a. the dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems.b. protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem.c. parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.d. epidermis, periderm, and protoderm.e. xylem, phloem, and epidermis.10.Internal Organization of the Plant Body; p. 541; moderate; ans: dFrom which primary meristem does sclerenchyma develop? a. parenchymab. collenchymac. procambiumd. ground meristeme. protoderm11.Internal Organization of the Plant Body; p. 541; moderate; ans: bIn a eudicot stem, ______ is the ground tissue external to the system of vascular strands and ______ is the ground tissue internal to these strands.a. pith; cortexb. cortex; pithc. xylem; phloemd. xylem; cortexe. pith; phloem12.Internal Organization of the Plant Body; p. 541; easy; ans: d______ is a simple tissue, and ______ is a complex tissue.a. Xylem; phloemb. Phloem; xylemc. Parenchyma; collenchymad. Collenchyma; xyleme. Xylem; sclerenchyma13.Ground Tissues; p. 541; easy; ans: cThe rays found in secondary vascular tissue consist of:a. collenchyma cells.b. vessel elements.c. parenchyma cells.d. sieve-tube elements.e. sclerenchyma cells.14.Ground Tissues; pp. 541–542; moderate; ans: eWhich of the following statements about parenchyma cells is FALSE?a. They can photosynthesize.b. They can initiate adventitious roots.c. They are involved in secretion.d. They are capable of cell division.e. They lack secondary walls.15.Ground Tissues; p. 542; easy; ans: dCells that are totipotent, play an important role in wound healing, and initiate adventitious structures are:a. sclerenchyma cells.b. vessel elements.c. sieve-tube elements.d. parenchyma cells.e. collenchyma cells.16.Ground Tissues; p. 542; moderate; ans: bThe role of transfer cells is to:a. transport water and minerals throughout the plant.b. facilitate the movement of solutes over short distances.c. move sugars through the phloem.d. transfer solutes from the cortex to the pith via rays.e. increase the rate of water movement through stomata.17.Ground Tissues; p. 542; moderate; ans: a______ tissue is composed of cells having unevenly thickened primary walls.a. Collenchymab. Xylemc. Parenchymad. Phloeme. Sclerenchyma18.Ground Tissues; p. 543; easy; ans: e______ is the typical supporting tissue of growing stems, leaves, and floral parts.a. Sclerenchymab. Parenchymac. Xylemd. Phloeme. Collenchyma 19.Ground Tissues; p. 543; moderate; ans: cWhich of the following statements about sclerenchyma cells is FALSE?a. They are ground-tissue cells.b. They often lack protoplasts at maturity.c. They strengthen plant parts that are still elongating.d. They have thick, lignified, secondary walls. e. They may develop in any part of the primary and secondary plant bodies.20.Ground Tissues; p. 543; easy; ans: aThe two types of ______ cells are fibers and sclereids.a. sclerenchymab. parenchymac. xylemd. phloeme. collenchyma21.Vascular Tissues; p. 544; easy; ans: a______ are types of tracheary elements.a. Vessel elements and tracheidsb. Tracheids and xylem parenchymac. Vessel elements and xylem parenchymad. Xylem fibers and tracheidse. Xylem fibers and xylem parenchyma22.Vascular Tissues; p. 544–545; difficult; ans: bPerforation plates are characteristic of the ______ of ______.a. tracheids; angiospermsb. vessel elements; angiospermsc. tracheids; gymnospermsd. vessel elements; gymnospermse. tracheids; seedless vascular plants23.Vascular Tissues; p. 545; moderate; ans: eOne role of pit membranes in tracheids is to: a. facilitate movement of air bubbles.b. facilitate water movement.c. facilitate solute transport.d. provide support.e. trap air bubbles.24.Vascular Tissues; pp.