Chapter 22: Early Development of the Plant BodyMultiple-Choice Questions1. Introduction; p. 526; moderate; ans: bA plant’s body plan consists of a(n) ______ and a(n) ______ pattern.a. apical-radial; basalb. apical-basal; radialc. basal-radial; apicald. apical; basale. radial; apical2. Formation of the Embryo; p. 527; moderate; ans: cWhen the zygote first divides, the two daughter cells are the ______ cell and the ______ cell.a. micropylar; chalazalb. root; shootc. apical; basald. proembryo; suspensore. axis; proembryo3. Formation of the Embryo; p. 527; moderate; ans: eLocated at the micropylar pole of the embryo is the:a. apical cell.b. embryo proper.c. proembryo.d. protoderm.e. basal cell.4. Formation of the Embryo; pp. 527–528; difficult; ans: bWhich of the following statements about the polarity of an embryo is FALSE?a. It fixes the structural axis of the body.b. It is established only after the zygote has divided.c. It is essential to the development of all higher organisms.d. It refers to the condition in which one end is different from the other end.e. It is a key component of biological pattern formation.5. Formation of the Embryo; p. 529; moderate; ans: dWhich primary meristem forms first?a. shoot apical meristemb. root apical meristemc. ground meristemd. protoderme. procambium6. Formation of the Embryo; p. 529; easy; ans: aWhich of the following statements concerning primary meristems is FALSE?a. An example is the suspensor.b. An example is the procambium.c. An example is the ground meristem.d. They are formed during embryogenesis.e. They are meristematic.7. Formation of the Embryo; p. 529; easy; ans: dThe procambium is the precursor of the: a. epidermis.b. ground tissues.c. protoderm.d. xylem and phloem.e. primary meristems.8. Formation of the Embryo; p. 529; moderate; ans: bDuring early embryogenesis, the ground meristem surrounds the: a. epidermis.b. procambium.c. protoderm.d. epidermis.e. ground tissues.9. Formation of the Embryo; p. 529; moderate; ans: aWhich of following lists the correct developmental sequence in eudicots, where I is the globular stage; II, the heart stage; III, the proembryo; IV, the torpedo stage; and V, the zygote?a. V, III, I, II, IVb. I, V, IV, II, IIIc. III, V, II, IV, Id. V, I, III, II, IVe. V, III, II, I, IV10.Formation of the Embryo; p. 529; difficult; ans: cIn embryogenesis in monocots, globular embryos next become:a. two-lobed.b. curved.c. cylindrical.d. heart-shaped.e. spherical.11.Formation of the Embryo; p. 529; moderate; ans: dThe root and shoot apical meristems first become discernible during the transition between the ______ and ______.a. proembryo; globular stageb. torpedo stage; proembryoc. heart stage; globular staged. globular stage; torpedo stagee. torpedo stage; embryo proper12.Formation of the Embryo; p. 529; moderate; ans: bThe cotyledons elongate most dramatically and may become curved during the _______ stage. a. proembryob. torpedoc. suspensord. hearte. globular13.Formation of the Embryo; p. 529; moderate; ans: eWhere does the shoot apical meristem arise in eudicot embryos?a. at the tip of a sheathlike extensionb. at the tip of a cotyledonc. on one side of the single cotyledond. on one side of the two cotyledonse. between the two cotyledons14.Formation of the Embryo; p. 529; moderate; ans: dNormal development of the ______ prevents formation of extra embryos by the ______.a. embryo proper; apical meristemsb. primary meristems; embryo properc. suspensor; apical meristemsd. embryo proper; suspensore. suspensor; embryo proper15.Formation of the Embryo; p. 529; difficult; ans: cDuring embryogenesis in Arabidopsis, mutants with the twn mutation: a. form no viable embryos. b. produce no food reserves.c. form secondary embryos from the suspensor. d. produce a suspensor that dies prematurely.e. produce a suspensor that loses its polarity.16.Formation of the Embryo; p. 530; moderate; ans: eIn Arabidopsis, embryonic development is thought to be coordinated by at least ______ distinct genes.a. 50b. 150c. 350d. 550e. 75017.The Mature Embryo; p. 531; easy; ans: aThe stem-like axis above the cotyledon(s) is the:a. epicotyl.b. hypocotyl.c. plumule.d. funiculus.e. radicle.18.The Mature Embryo; p. 531; moderate; ans: cWhich of the following CANNOT be part of the plumule?a. shoot apical meristemb. young leavesc. radicled. epicotyle. stem-like axis19.The Mature Embryo; p. 531; easy; ans: bIn some embryos, below the hypocotyl the _________ is found.a. epicotylb. radiclec. plumuled. coletoptilee. shoot apical meristem20.The Mature Embryo; p. 531; moderate; ans: aIn eudicots, in which most of the endosperm is absorbed by the embryo, the cotyledons:a. are large and fleshy.b. are thin and membranous.c. develop into the scutellum.d. are absent.e. absorb stored food during resumption of embryonic growth.21.The Mature Embryo; p. 531; easy; ans: aThe cotyledon of grasses is called a(n):a. scutellum.b. hypocotyl.c. epicotyl.d. coleorhiza.e. hilum.22.The Mature Embryo; p. 531; moderate; ans: aIn monocots, the cotyledon can have all of the following functions EXCEPT:a. protection of the plumule.b. photosynthesis.c. absorption of nutrients.d. storage of nutrients.e. transport of nutrients.23.The Mature Embryo; p. 531; easy; ans: cIn a grass embryo, the coleorhiza encloses the:a. scutellum.b. hypocotyl.c. radicle.d. epicotyl.e. plumule.24.The Mature Embryo; p. 531; easy; ans: bThe integuments develop into the:a. hilum.b. seed coat.c. funiculus.d. coleoptile.e. endosperm25.The Mature Embryo; p. 531; moderate; ans: aWhich of the following statements about the seed coat is FALSE?a. It develops from the ovary.b. It protects the embryo.c. It may be papery or very hard.d. It may be impermeable to water.e. The micropyle may be visible on the seed coat.26.The Mature Embryo; pp. 531–532; moderate; ans: dIn grasses, the pericarp consists of the:a. mature ovary wall only.b. remnants of the seed coat only.c. remnants of the scutellum only.d. mature ovary and remnants of the seed coat only.e. mature ovary, remnants of the seed coat, and remnants of the scutellum.27.The Mature Embryo; p. 532; easy; ans: cThe scar left on the seed coat after the seed has separated from its stalk is called the:a. micropyle.b. funiculus.c. hilum.d. suspensor.e. integument.28.Seed Maturation; p. 532; easy; ans: eWhich of the following statements concerning the maturation phase of seed development is FALSE?a. The seed undergoes desiccation.b. Food reserves accumulate in the