1Chapter 3: The Plant Cell and the Cell CycleMultiple-Choice Questions1. Introduction; p. 39; easy; ans: d_______first concluded that all cells arise from preexisting cells.a. Theodor Schwannb. Robert Hookec. Charles Darwind. Rudolf Virchowe. Matthias Schleiden2. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; p. 40; easy; ans: aEukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells have:a. a nucleus.b. a cytoplasm.c. a plasma membrane.d. genetic material.e. ribosomes.3. The Plant Cell: An Overview; p. 42; moderate; ans: aCyclosis refers to:a. the constant streaming of the cytoplasm.b. the process of cell division.c. that portion of the cytoplasm outside the plasma membrane.d. that portion of the cytoplasm inside the plasma membrane.e. the liquid inside the vacuole.4. Nucleus; p. 43; moderate; ans: dWhich of the following best designates a somatic cell containing 6 chromosomes?a. n = 6b. n = 12c. 2n = 3d. 2n = 6e. 3n = 65. Nucleus; p. 43; moderate; ans: bIf a plant has a diploid chromosome number of 60, how many chromosomes are present in its gametes?a. 20b. 30c. 40d. 60e. 806. Nucleus; p. 44; easy; ans: cThe nucleolus is the structure in which ______ are formed.a. nuclear poresb. chromosomesc. ribosomesd. units of endoplasmic reticulume. portions of the nuclear envelope7. Chloroplasts and Other Plastids; pp. 45-46; easy; ans: bGrana are stacks of ______ within chloroplasts.a. prolamellar bodiesb. thylakoidsc. stromad. carotenoidse. etioplasts8. Chloroplasts and Other Plastids; p. 46; easy; ans: cChlorophylls and carotenoid pigments are embedded in the:a. stroma.b. outer chloroplast membrane.c. thylakoid membranes.d. plasmalemma.e. nucleoids.9. Chloroplasts and Other Plastids; p. 47; easy; ans: bPlastids that contain carotenoids but lack chlorophyll are known as:a. etioplasts.b. chromoplasts.c. amyloplasts.d. proplastids.e. chloroplasts.10. Chloroplasts and Other Plastids; p. 48; easy; ans: d______ are colorless plastids that are the precursors of other, more highly differentiated plastids.a. Leucoplastsb. Chromoplastsc. Amyloplastsd. Proplastidse. Chloroplasts11. Mitochondria; pp. 44–45; moderate; ans: bWhich of the following statements about mitochondria is FALSE?a. They are sites where energy is released from organic molecules.b. They are generally larger than plastids.c. They can synthesize some of their own proteins. d. Their DNA is circular.e. They are bounded by two membranes. 12. Mitochondria; pp. 48-49; difficult; ans: eA pivotal step in programmed cell death is the release of ______ from ______.a. DNA; proplastidsb. ATP; mitochondriac. starch; chloroplastsd. secondary metabolites; chloroplastse. cytochrome c; mitochondria13. Peroxisomes; p. 49; moderate; ans: cPeroxisomes are organelles that:a. evolved from the endoplasmic reticulum.b. possess their own DNA.c. self-replicate.d. are bounded by a double membrane.e. possess their own ribosomes.14. Vacuoles; p. 51; easy; ans: aThe ______ in the cell sap are responsible for the red and blue colors of many fruits and vegetables.a. anthocyaninsb. carotenoidsc. chlorophyllsd. calcium oxalate crystalse. oil bodies15. Endoplasmic Reticulum; p. 51; easy; ans: cSmooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in ______ synthesis.a. protein b. glycoprotein c. lipid d. ribosomee. carbohydrate16. Golgi Apparatus; p. 53; difficult; ans: cWhich of the following lists the correct sequence in which glycoproteins travel through the Golgi complex?a. Trans-Golgi network, maturing face, shuttle vesicles, forming faceb. Shuttle vesicles, trans-Golgi network, forming face, maturing facec. Forming face, shuttle vesicles, maturing face, trans-Golgi networkd. Maturing face, shuttle vesicles, trans-Golgi network, forming facee. Forming face, maturing face, shuttle vesicles, trans-Golgi network17. Golgi Apparatus; p. 54; difficult; ans: bWhich of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?a. tonoplastb. mitochondrial membranec. plasma membraned. Golgi complexe. nuclear envelope18. Cytoskeleton; p. 54; moderate; ans: cWhich of the following statements about microtubules is FALSE?a. They are components of the cytoskeleton.b. Their subunits are assembled at microtubule organizing centers.c. Their subunits are arranged in a solid cylinder.d. They are polar structures, with plus and minus ends.e. They exhibit dynamic instability.19. Cytoskeleton; p. 54; difficult; ans: aThe alignment of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall is controlled by:a. cortical microtubules.b. nuclear microtubules.c. cortical actin filaments.d. nuclear actin filaments.e. cell wall actin filaments.20. Cytoskeleton; p. 54 (Fig. 3-25c) and p. 55; difficult; ans: bWhich of the following statements concerning actin filaments is FALSE?a. They are composed of protein subunits.b. They lack distinct plus and minus ends.c. They are involved with cell wall deposition.d. They are involved with cytoplasmic streaming. e. They are also called micofilaments.21. Flagella and Cilia; p. 56; moderate; ans: eIn plants, flagella are found only in:a. leaves.b. phloem.c. xylem.d. mosses.e. motile sperm.22. Flagella and Cilia; p. 56; easy; ans: cA ______ has an internal arrangement of nine triplets of microtubules.a. flagellumb. ciliumc. basal bodyd. microfilamente. basal root23. Cell Wall; p. 58; moderate; ans: aStretching of the cell wall can be prevented by the cross-linking of _____ with _____.a. pectins; calciumb. the cytoskeleton; potassiumc. microtubules; oligosaccharinsd. hemicelluloses; phosphatese. microfilaments; disulfide bridges24. Cell Wall; p. 58; easy; moderate: eWhich of the following statements concerning callose is FALSE?a. It is deposited in response to mechanical wounding.b. It is associated with aspects of cell division.c. It consists of spirally wound chains.d. It is composed of glucose residues.e. It opens plasmodesmata between contiguous cells.25. Cell Wall; p. 59; difficult; ans: aWhich of the following lists the correct sequence of cell wall layers, beginning with the outermost layer and progressing inward?a. middle lamella, primary wall, secondary wallb. secondary wall, primary wall, middle lamellac. secondary wall, middle lamella, primary walld. primary wall, middle lamella, secondary walle. middle lamella, secondary wall, primary wall26. Cell Wall; p. 59; moderate; ans: eWhich of the following statements about the primary wall is FALSE?a. It is deposited before and during cell growth.b. It may contain lignin, suberin, or cutin.c. Actively dividing cells have only