Biology 425: True-False Questions- Chapters 26-301. Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials; p. 581; easy; ans: TAn annual completes its entire life cycle within one growing season.2. The Vascular Cambium; p. 581; moderate; ans: TThe meristematic cells of the vascular cambium are the fusiform initials and the ray initials.3. The Vascular Cambium; p. 582; moderate; ans: TIn secondary tissues, the cells of the axial system are oriented vertically and those of the radial system are oriented horizontally. 4. The Vascular Cambium; p. 582; moderate; ans: TThe cambial zone consists of the fusiform initials, the ray initials, and their immediate derivatives.5. The Vascular Cambium; p. 583; easy; ans: TReactivation of the vascular cambium in the spring is triggered by the expansion of the buds.6. The Vascular Cambium; p. 583; moderate; ans: TUnlike plants in temperate regions, many tropical plants exhibit continuous, year-round cambial activity.7. Effect of Secondary Growth on the Primary Body of the Stem; p. 583; easy; ans: TInterfascicular cambium arises in parenchyma cells between the vascular bundles.8.Effect of Secondary Growth on the Primary Body of the Stem; p. 584; moderate; ans.:FThe secondary plant body has a (no) transition region similar to that of the primary plant body.9.Effect of Secondary Growth on the Primary Body of the Stem; p. 585; moderate; ans: TThe order of tissues in the periderm, from the outside of the plant toward the center, is phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm.10.Effect of Secondary Growth on the Primary Body of the Stem; p. 585; moderate; ans: FThe cortex of the stem is (not) usually sloughed during the first year of growth.11. Effect of Secondary Growth on the Primary Body of the Stem; p. 586; easy; ans: TLenticels make it possible for stems to exchange gases with the surrounding air.12.Effect of Secondary Growth on the Primary Body of the Stem; p. 587; moderate; ans: TBark may contain primary tissues as well as secondary tissues.13.Effect of Secondary Growth on the Primary Body of the Stem; p. 590; moderate; ans: TThe stem of most woody plants contains more than one periderm.14.Effect of Secondary Growth on the Primary Body of the Stem; p. 591; moderate; ans: FIn the cork oak, the cork produced by the first cork cambium has the greatest (least) commercial value.15.Effect of Secondary Growth on the Primary Body of the Stem; p. 591; difficult; ans: FNonfunctional phloem is dead phloem tissue found in the inner (outer) bark.16. Wood: Secondary Xylem; p. 591; easy; ans: THardwood is another name for angiosperm wood.17. Wood: Secondary Xylem; pp. 591–592; moderate; ans: FConifer wood typically contains more (less) parenchyma than angiosperm wood.18. Wood: Secondary Xylem; p. 592; moderate; ans: TA radial section and a tangential section are longitudinal sections.19. Wood: Secondary Xylem; p. 594; moderate; ans: FThe rays of angiosperm woods are usually smaller (larger) than those of conifer woods.20. Wood: Secondary Xylem; p. 596; easy; ans: FGrowing seasons with favorable environmental conditions produce narrower (wider) growth rings than seasons with unfavorable conditions.21. Wood: Secondary Xylem; p. 596; easy; ans: TScientists have chronicled a continuous series of growth rings dating back more than 8200 years. 22. Wood: Secondary Xylem; p. 596; difficult; ans: TIn diffuse-porous woods, the pores are fairly uniform in size and distribution throughout the growth layers.23. Wood: Secondary Xylem; p. 596; easy; ans: TThe proportion of heartwood to sapwood varies among species.24. Wood: Secondary Xylem; p. 597; moderate; ans: TCompression wood is a type of reaction wood found in gymnosperms.25. Wood: Secondary Xylem; p. 598; moderate; ans: TThe differences in specific gravity of woods depends on the proportion of cell wall substance to cell lumen.True-False Questions1. Introduction; pp. 603–604; easy; ans: FThe only way a plant can vary the intensity of a hormone signal is by varying the concentration of hormone that is produced (or changing the sensitivity to the hormones already present). 2. Auxins; p. 605; moderate; ans: FPlants can synthesize auxin only from tryptophan (or IAA, indolacetic acid).3. Auxins; p. 606; moderate; ans: FIn roots, a substance transported in a basipetal direction is transported toward the (base, from the shoot tip and leaves downward in the stem and from the root tip toward the base of the root).4. Auxins; p. 606; moderate; ans: TThe transport of auxin can be nonpolar as well as polar. 5. Auxins; p. 606; difficult; ans: FIn the prevailing model for the polar transport of auxin, the AUX1 protein transports IAAH (IAA-) into parenchyma cells.6. Auxins; p. 608; moderate; ans: TAuxin stimulates cell division in the vascular cambium in woody plants.7. Cytokinins; p. 609; easy; ans: FApplication of cytokinin inhibits (stimulates) the growth of lateral buds. 8. Cytokinins; p. 609; moderate; ans: FIn cultured tobacco stem tissues, the addition of kinetin without (with) IAA stimulates cell division.9. Cytokinins; pp. 610–611; moderate; ans: TAn excised leaf floated in a kinetin solution will remain green longer than a leaf floated in water.10. Cytokinins; p. 611; moderate; ans: TCytokinins are synthesized in roots and transported in the xylem to other parts of the plant.11. Ethylene; p. 611; difficult; ans: FSAM and ACC are inhibitors (stimulators) of the biosynthetic pathway from methionine to ethylene.12. Ethylene; p. 611; easy; ans: TEthylene stimulates internodal elongation of rice plants that are submerged during monsoon flooding. 13. Ethylene; p. 612; moderate; ans: FAt high concentrations, applied auxin inhibits (stimulates) ethylene production.14. Abscisic Acid; p. 612; moderate; ans: FOne of the principal roles of abscisic acid is (NOT) in leaf, flower, and fruit abscission (but in preventing seed germination).15. Abscisic Acid; p. 613; easy; ans: TMutant maize embryos that cannot make ABA germinate directly on the cob.16. Gibberellins; p. 613; easy; ans: TRice plants grow rapidly and become spindly due to the presence of gibberellic acid produced bya fungus.17. Gibberellins; p. 614; moderate; ans: FIn barley seeds, gibberellins stimulate the synthesis of enzymes that catalyze (hydrolyze) the reactions associated with embryonic cell division.18. Gibberellins; p. 615; easy; ans: TGibberellins promote fruit development in some species in which auxin does not.19. The Molecular Basis of Hormone Action; p. 616; easy; ans: FA cortical