CHEM 1110 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture II. StoichiometryIII. Limiting Reactants in ReactionsOutline of Current Lecture IV. Properties of Aqueous SolutionsV. Precipitation reactionsVI. Rules for Ionic Compounds in WaterVII. Rules for Insoluble Ionic Compounds in WaterCurrent LectureI. Properties of Aqueous Solutionsa. Pure water is a poor conductor of electricityb. No ions in solution=no conduction=non-electrolytesc. Very little ions, weak conduction, weak electrolytesd. Great number of ions, strong conduction, strong electrolytese. Ionic compounds-metal and nonmetal elements, will pull out individual ions fromsolid crystalf. Molecular compounds-only non-metal elementsg. Dissociation- process of separating individual ions by solvation (electrolytes)h. Many soluble molecular compounds do not ionize in water (nonelectrolytes)i. Ex: CH3OH (l) -- CH3OH (aq)i. Strong electrolyte- substance that dissociates nearly 100% into ions in waterj. Weak electrolyte- substance that ionizes only slightly in waterk. When two aqueous solutions are mixed, either a reaction allowsi. A+B-C+Dii. Or a reaction does not occuriii. X+YX+YII. Precipitation Reactionsa. A reaction that yields an insoluble solid productb. Precipitate- insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solutionIII. Rules for Ionic Compounds in Watera. 1. Alkali metal ions and ammonium are solubleb. 2. Common nitrates and acetates and perchlorates are solublec. Common chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except those of Ca, Sr, Ba, Ag, Pb, and HgThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d. All common sulfates are soluble except Ca, Sr, Ba, Ag, Pb, and HgIV. Rules for Insoluble Ionic Compounds in Watera. 1. Metal hydroxides are insoluble except alkali metal cations NH4, Ca, Sr, and Bab. Carbonates and phosphates insoluble except alkali metal cationsc. Common sulfides are insoluble except alkali metal cations NH4, Ca, Sr, and Bad. Examples:i. CuCl2-solubleii. Mn(OH)2-insolubleiii. Na2Cr2O7-solubleiv. KNO3-solublev. Na3PO4-solublevi. CaCl2-solublevii.