Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. Micro Theoretical Perspectives Continued (ExchangeTheory) A. Basic Proposition #3- In the absence of restraints, cheating is predicted to occur B. Definition of Restraints and Cheating II. Introduction to Macro Theoretical Perspectives A. Structural Functionism a. Definition of Structural Functionism, Manifest Function, and Latent Function b. Basic Propositions (4) B. Conflict Theory a. Basic Propositions (5) Outline of Current Lecture I. Culture A. Definition B. Components a. Values b. Norms c. Statuses and Roles i. Role strains and Role Conflict ii. Anomie Current Lecture I. Culture Soc 302 1st Edition These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best !used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. !A. Definition: The sum total of a society’s mental (belief system; Ex: Democracy, religion, personal values), material (clothes, food, technology), and digital (music, movies) creations that characterize a group of people. B. Components of culture a. Values: Anything we consider to be important, including, but not restricted to lofty ideals (honesty, justice, truth). i. Example: preferences of a clean environment, good hygiene b. Norms: Expectations for behavior. i. Example: students at UT are expected to dress comfortably, not in suits or cocktail dresses. ii. Norms vary by the context. Not all behavior is appropriate in all situations. For example, yelling “Tx, fight, make ‘em eat shit” in a mall in not ok. At a football game, however, it is acceptable. Example 2: raising your hand in class and questioning statements is encouraged; doing the same to your priest in church is not acceptable. c. Relationship Between Values and Norms i. Norms reflect values 1) Because we hold certain values, we expect people to do certain things. 2) Example: Texas values clean environments; “Don’t mess with TX, Don’t litter” 3) Values are often used to legitimate/justify the norms in place 4) Example: parental autonomy- I am your mother and I have a right to conduct the rules of the game when you are under my roof. Behavioral expectation: be home at 1 d. Statuses and Rolesi. Status: Position in social space that someone occupies 1) Example: Professor, student, grad student assistant 2) Example: Wife, husband, child iii. Role: Cluster of norms that is attached to a particular status 1) As a student at UT, expectations are to go to class, participate, maintain good GPA 2) Important mechanisms of social control introduce predictability into our behavior, especially when we internalize (come to believe) them. 3) Example: Green predicted my typical day at school almost exactly because she knows my role (a student). 4) Sense of self is influenced by statuses and how well we perform our roles 5) Example: You tell someone you are a Longhorn, they ask about your GPA, and after hearing, they say “Wow!” 6) Roles change over time and vary by place because they are human creations and respond to certain circumstances. 7) Example: Green was expected to wear a skirt to class when she attended LSU. e. Role Strains and Role Conflict i. Defined as having too many roles attached to a status; The problem is a limit of time. 1) Example: Class at 9, Exam at 10. Decision to skip class and use the extra hour tostudy. Both expectations are tied to the status as a student. 2) Occurs when carrying out 1 expectation attached to a status conflicts with another expectation. 3) Role strain involves only one status 4) Role conflict occurs when expectations attached to 1 status interferes with your ability to carry out expectations tied to a 2nd or 3rd status. 5) We each carry out multiple status at once. ii. Anomie 1) Pronounced an-oh-me 2) Defined as a societal-level condition whereby something happens that causes the norms to break down. 3) Example: Your town is invaded by a foreign military power; Doctors, lawyers, teachers’ statuses and roles become destructed. Due to confusion and disorientation, no one no longer knows how to behave, they are just trying to