Applying Supply and Demand AnalysisWhere and What is the Sudan?Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Sudan’s Economy.Some History.Slide 10Slide 11Sudanese Slavery.Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Supply & Demand Analysis; the Late 1980’s.Slide 17Slide 18Supply & Demand Analysis; About 1995.Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Supply & Demand Analysis; About 1997.Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Supply & Demand Analysis; About 1999.Slide 33Slide 34Conclusions 1.Slide 36Slide 37Conclusion.Slide 39Applying Supply and Applying Supply and Demand AnalysisDemand AnalysisThe Sudanese Slave MarketsThe Sudanese Slave MarketsWhere and What is the Sudan?Where and What is the Sudan?The Republic of the Sudan is in The Republic of the Sudan is in northeastern Africa.northeastern Africa.It is Africa's largest country, occupying an It is Africa's largest country, occupying an area of 967,000 square miles -- about 8% area of 967,000 square miles -- about 8% of the African continent.of the African continent.Where and What is the Sudan?Where and What is the Sudan?Where and What is the Sudan?Where and What is the Sudan?Where and What is the Sudan?Where and What is the Sudan?Very diverse population.Very diverse population.Mainly ‘Arabs’ in the center.Mainly ‘Arabs’ in the center.Mainly various black peoples in the north Mainly various black peoples in the north and south.and south.Muslim religion in the center and north.Muslim religion in the center and north.Animist and Christian religions in the south.Animist and Christian religions in the south.Many languages.Many languages.Great variety of social customs.Great variety of social customs.Where and What is the Sudan?Where and What is the Sudan?Where and What is the Sudan?Where and What is the Sudan?Sudan’s Economy.Sudan’s Economy.Very poor country. Per capita annual Very poor country. Per capita annual income of about US$500.income of about US$500.Main income source is oil; recently Main income source is oil; recently discovered oil deposits are amongst the discovered oil deposits are amongst the largest in the world.largest in the world.Agricultural production also -- cotton, Agricultural production also -- cotton, peanuts, sesame, gum arabic, some peanuts, sesame, gum arabic, some grains, sugarcane, coffee, dates, animal grains, sugarcane, coffee, dates, animal husbandry.husbandry.Some History.Some History.Independence from Britain and Egypt Independence from Britain and Egypt attained in 1956.attained in 1956.Civil war broke out almost immediately Civil war broke out almost immediately between the ‘Arabs’ and southerners.between the ‘Arabs’ and southerners.Brief peace.Brief peace.Second civil war began in 1983 between Second civil war began in 1983 between central government and the Sudanese central government and the Sudanese Peoples’ Liberation Movement.Peoples’ Liberation Movement.Some History.Some History.Peace agreement signed January 2005.Peace agreement signed January 2005.Provides for a central government and a Provides for a central government and a regional government for Southern Sudan.regional government for Southern Sudan.After 6 years the South may choose After 6 years the South may choose independence by a referendum vote.independence by a referendum vote.UN monitored ceasefire.UN monitored ceasefire.Some History.Some History.The agreement addresses sharing of The agreement addresses sharing of power, land and other resources, and power, land and other resources, and wealth.wealth.Sharia law will not apply in the mainly Sharia law will not apply in the mainly Christian South or the capital Khartoum.Christian South or the capital Khartoum.Sudanese Slavery.Sudanese Slavery.Prior to the British occupation in the late Prior to the British occupation in the late 1800’s, the ‘Arabs’ in the Sudan regarded 1800’s, the ‘Arabs’ in the Sudan regarded enslavement of Dinka as a ‘right’.enslavement of Dinka as a ‘right’.Slavery was crushed by the British.Slavery was crushed by the British.Sudanese Slavery.Sudanese Slavery.In the late 1980’s the central government In the late 1980’s the central government encouraged slavers by reopening slave encouraged slavers by reopening slave markets and by providing slave raiders markets and by providing slave raiders with weapons, soldiers and transport.with weapons, soldiers and transport.Slaving parties typically numbered about Slaving parties typically numbered about 2000 armed men.2000 armed men.Most men in raided villages were killed. Most men in raided villages were killed. Younger women and some children Younger women and some children abducted.abducted.Sudanese Slavery.Sudanese Slavery.In the late 1980’s the market price for a In the late 1980’s the market price for a slave was about US$300.slave was about US$300.By 1995 the price had fallen to about By 1995 the price had fallen to about US$100 per slave, by 1997 the price was US$100 per slave, by 1997 the price was about US$15 per slave.about US$15 per slave.By 1997 many thousands of Dinka, mainly By 1997 many thousands of Dinka, mainly women, had been enslaved. Estimates of women, had been enslaved. Estimates of total enslaved range from 15,000 to 95,000.total enslaved range from 15,000 to 95,000.Sudanese Slavery.Sudanese Slavery.Slave redeemers are foreigners who Slave redeemers are foreigners who purchase slaves and then set them free. purchase slaves and then set them free. The goal is to reduce the numbers The goal is to reduce the numbers enslaved.enslaved.Redeemers entered the market in 1999.Redeemers entered the market in 1999.In 1999 the market price of a slave rose to In 1999 the market price of a slave rose to about US$50.about US$50.Is redemption a sensible policy? Does it Is redemption a sensible policy? Does it reduce the number of enslaved persons?reduce the number of enslaved persons?Supply & Demand Analysis; the Supply & Demand Analysis; the Late 1980’s.Late 1980’s.In the slave market in the late 1980’s In the slave market in the late 1980’s demand was high and supply was low, demand was high and supply was low, causing a ____ market price for slaves and causing a ____ market price for slaves and a ___ quantity traded.a ___ quantity traded.Supply & Demand Analysis; the Supply & Demand Analysis; the Late 1980’s.Late 1980’s.In the slave market in