CJ 270 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide CJ 270 – Corrections Test 2Quiz in Class- 5 things about John Augustus o Shoemaker o Father of probation o From Boston Masso Career – boot making place o Quaker – very religious mano Washington total abstinence society – part of this (against alcohol)o Non-drinkero Didn’t like what was going on with the municipal courts in Boston, so he sat in and observed and part of the story is he went before the judge when someone (common drunker) was about to be sentenced to jail time, he stepped up and talked to judge and asked to sponsor him and work with him and bring him back in 30 days clean and sober o He did this with many other peopleo After his death they adopted many of his policies and brought on full time paid probation officers and thus began probation Definition of Immediate Sanction: - New punishment options developed to fill the gap between traditional probation and traditional jail or prison sentences and to better match the severity of punishment to the seriousness of crime o One of the big ones is boot camp used as immediate sanction or possibly diversion program Diversion - Diversion  stops criminal proceeding - Halting of criminal procedure - Halt because you’re going to do something – lost of drug cases – agree to go to rehab – for Veterans – claim PTSD Incapacitation - Typically refers to putting someone in prison, or for a misdemeanor in jailFormat of Test- 10 question - 7 multiple guess - 1 short answer - 1 long short-answer Test Questions- Everything about John Augustus (out of book) o At least 10 unique aspects of his life o Shoemaker o Father of probation o From Boston Masso Career – boot making place o Quaker – very religious mano Washington total abstinence society – part of this (against alcohol)o Non-drinkero Didn’t like what was going on with the municipal courts in Boston, so he sat in and observed and part of the story is he went before the judge when someone (common drunker) was about to be sentenced to jail time, he stepped up and talked to judge and asked to sponsor him and work with him and bring him back in 30 days clean and sober o He did this with many other peopleo After his death they adopted many of his policies and brought on full time paid probation officers and thus began probation - Definition of probation o Probation: the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community, under thesupervision of a probation officer; it is conditional because it can be revoked if certain conditions aren’t met (Text book definition) - Definition of diversion o Diversion: the halting or suspension, before convicting, of formal criminal proceedings against a person, conditioned on some form of counterperformance by the defendant (Text book definition) - Probation/parole – generally 1 agency is in charge of both, but some states has separate agencies - Federal government doesn’t have parole but they do have probationo Determinant sentencing – fixed - “R” wordso Recidivism – the repetition of criminal behavior; generally definite as rearrests; it is the primary outcome measure for probation as it is for all corrections programs (textbook definition) o Revocation – applied to probation/parole – the formal termination of an offender’s conditional freedom (textbook definition). And Revocation hearing: a due process hearing that must be conducted to determine weather the conditions of probation have been violated before probation can be revoked and the offender removed from the community- 4 main rationales for diversion and why its better than going to prison or better than probation o 4 rationales for diversion  Experience and stigma of being formally arrested, tried, and convicted can actually encourage more criminal behavior  Less expensive than formally processing an offender through the Cj system  Public may think formal processing through the CJ system is inappropriate for crimes in which parties of the offense willingly participate even though the offense is committed against the social values and interests represented and prosecuted by CJ system - Victimless crime  Give the typical diversion client a better chance in life - Need to be familiar with ALL intermediate sanctions o Boot camp o Halfway houseo Day reporting o Intensive parole supervision o Remote-location monitoring o Drug courtso Paroleo Intensive probation supervision o Community service o Probation o House arrest o Fines o Residential Reentry Centers - Question dealing with boot campo Boot Camp – a short institutional term of confinement that includes a psychical regimen designed to develop self-discipline, respect for authority, responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment o 4 characteristics distinguish boot camps from other correctional programs  Military drill and ceremony A rigorous daily schedule of hard labor and physical training  Separation of boot camp participants from general prison population  Idea that boot camps are an alternative to long term confinement - Front end programs to back end programs o Probation (big front end) o Main one of backend would be parole - Statistical question -- # adults on probation per 100,000 in USo 1,662 adults on probation for every 100,000 personas age 18 or older in