LECTURE OUTLINE - WEEKS FOUR AND FIVEText: Chapter Five: Ballet Video: La Sylphide; Giselle; The Children of Theatre Street; Swan Lake; The Nutcracker- The Romantic Era: choreographed by men and romanticized women, put them on a pedestalo Era of point shoes and no more flat slippers; made of wood at the toe of the shoe o Pointe shoes limited movement, needed a certain type of foot to dance on pointeo Romantic length tutus that covered upper legs, made the women look like they were floating o France- court dance became professional hereo 2 acts- Ballets of the Romantic Era 1. “La Sylphide” (1832) - setting, storyline, characters, innovations, techniqueso Filippo Taglioni choreographed it; daughter (Marie Taglioni) was upcoming star and created it to feature her; very dainty/small girl o Sylphe is a fairy creature, had wings; the only one who could see her was the man who ended up falling in love with hero Balle blanc= white in french; section of the ballet in which the core ballet and soloist appear in white; representative of another worldly creatureo Viewers were able to follow the storyline through pantomime o Hoisted the fairy up in the air to make her fly 2. “Pas de Quatre” (1845) – setting, innovations, techniqueso means step; no plot; no set; no meno set in Scotland; used mechanical devices; it’s a tragedy in the romantic era; on point; costumes are romantic o last bow is saved for the star of the show- all ballerinas wanted to take the last bow; all bowed togethero Jules Perrot , Frenchmen; decided to showcase the leading 4 ballerinas of the timeo All women, no storyline, no set, just 4 dancers 3. “Giselle” (1841) – setting, storyline, characters, innovations, techniqueso Jean Coralli- Frenchmen o Tragedy o Romantic length tutuso Had a ballet blanc (a section of the ballet that’s all in white), in this case the willies 4. “Coppelia” (1870) – setting, storyline, characterso Arthur Saint-Leon (1821-1870)o last ballet of romantic erao had plot, setting, dancers men and women- Premier Danseur, Prima Ballerina, Principal, Soloist, Demi Soloist, Corps de Ballet- Pas de Deux- dance for two people- Dance Terminology – French – Why? o Because of Petipa; took French to Russia; o Ballet Barre, Plie, Grande, Demi, Releve, Tendu, Degage, Battement, Passe, Coupe, Arabesque, Attitude, Jete, Bouree, Chasseo Turns: Chaine, Pique, Soutenu, Pirouette, Fouette, Tour Jete, Coupe Jete- The Classical Era – Ballets of the Classical Erao Tutus are shorto Russia 1. “Swan Lake” (1895) – setting, storyline, characters, innovations, techniqueso Marius Petipa (1818-1910), up and coming choreographer in France; czar wanted him inRussia; worked at Ballet school of Russia, czars school of Russia, royal imperior school of Russia Ballet School of Russia – Vaganova Choreographic Institute (named after beloved teacher)o Took Russian tale (tragedy); prince falls in love with what had been a woman o Has ballet blanco Ethereal or mystical creatures are swans o Formula for grand classical paud de deu: Entre, endajio, individual solos, then coda o 3 acts 2. “Sleeping Beauty” (1890)o 3 acts o presented first in Russia o ballet 3. “The Nutcracker” (1892)o Done in Russia - Lev Ivanov (1843-1901)- Agrippina Vaganova (1879-1951)- beloved teacher in the imperial ballet of Russia (czars school); upon retiring they named the school after her - Mariinsky Theater - Two important cities in Russia o St. Petersburg (capitol of Russia)/Leningrad- important place in Russia; theatre street; home of Petipa and classical ballet was established here  Kirov Ballet- professional company that dances at Marinnsky theater o Moscow- has Bolshoi Ballet- Ideal Body Characteristics and Attributes for Ballet – long limbs, high arch of instep, natural turn-out, flexibility, high jumps and leaps, ideal proportions for bone structureo Dancer needed: long limbs; beautiful instep and natural point of the foot, light jump, agility, weightless landings, long Achilles tendon, calf muscles need to be elongated, small head, good turnout, good elevation of the leg o Talent measures only when it occurs in the ideal body- Why a career in dance in Russia is so desirableo Supported by the state - Grand Pas de Deux – Entrée, Adagio, Variations, Coda- Pyotr (Peter) Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)- Igor Stravinsky