Lecture 2Chapter 1: Introduction4. Immigration40 million new immigrants to the U.S in 2010; 28% undocumentedCountries of origin:MexicoChina Hong Kong TaiwanIndiaThe PhilippinesVietnam5. Intercultural Business and TradeLargest U.S Trading partnersCanadaChinaMexicoGermanyUnited KingdomSouth Korea6.Intercultural Diplomacy265 U.S. embassies consulates15,0007. Intercultural Internetinternet use increased 676.3% around the world, 2000 to 2013largest number of users in AsiaLargest growth in AfricaHighest penetration in North America8. What this book coversAmerican universities sending theNew york universityUniversity of Texas- AustinUniversity of MinnesotaMichigan state universityForeign Students in American Universities (top five, 2013)ChinaIndiaSouth KoreaSaudi ArabiaChapter 2:A Mathematical Model of Communication(Shannon & Weaver, 1949)Information Choice-> Information source->Encoding Semantic->transmitter->signal VChannel noise-> Received signal-> receiver-> decoding receiver noise-> destinationKey Notes:More uncertainty= more opportunityReducing uncertainty by talking about a very specific topicVerbally= using wordsNon verbally= using slides, or facial expressions, body posture etc..Mathematical Model of Communication: Key Concepts1. entropy: degree of randomness, uncertainty2. Amount of information in a message: Amount of uncertainty it reduces3. Fidelity of a message accuracy of message transmission: amount of information sent equals amount of information received; the greater the uncertainty or entropy reduced, the more information transmitted by the message.Perfect communication: amount of information sent = amount of information received5. Noise: technical or human distortions in the system.Strengths & Weaknesses of the Mathematical ModelStrengths:Provides an objective measure (quantity) of communication effectiveness.Weakness:Meanings of messages are not consideredOne-way communicationCOMSOC 321 1st Edition Lecture 2Chapter 1: Introduction 4. Immigration 40 million new immigrants to the U.S in 2010; 28% undocumented Countries of origin:- Mexico- China Hong Kong Taiwan- India- The Philippines- Vietnam 5. Intercultural Business and Trade- Largest U.S Trading partners- Canada - China- Mexico- Germany- United Kingdom- South Korea 6.Intercultural Diplomacy- 265 U.S. embassies consulates- 15,000 7. Intercultural Internet- internet use increased 676.3% around the world, 2000 to 2013- largest number of users in Asia- Largest growth in Africa- Highest penetration in North America 8. What this book covers American universities sending the- New york university- University of Texas- Austin- University of Minnesota- Michigan state university Foreign Students in American Universities (top five, 2013)- China- India- South Korea- Saudi ArabiaCanada Chapter 2: A Mathematical Model of Communication (Shannon & Weaver, 1949) Information Choice-> Information source->Encoding Semantic->transmitter->signal V Channel noise-> Received signal-> receiver-> decoding receiver noise-> destination Key Notes: More uncertainty= more opportunity Reducing uncertainty by talking about a very specific topic Verbally= using words Non verbally= using slides, or facial expressions, body posture etc.. Mathematical Model of Communication: Key Concepts 1. entropy: degree of randomness, uncertainty 2. Amount of information in a message: Amount of uncertainty it reduces 3. Fidelity of a message accuracy of message transmission: amount of information sent equals amount of information received; the greater the uncertainty or entropy reduced, the more information transmitted by the message.  Perfect communication: amount of information sent = amount of information received 5. Noise: technical or human distortions in the system.  Strengths & Weaknesses of the Mathematical Model Strengths: Provides an objective measure (quantity) of communication effectiveness. Weakness: Meanings of messages are not considered One-way