Psyc 344 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture II. History of research methods continuedIII. British Empiricism IV. Rationalism Outline of Current Lecture V. The Era of Modern Psychology VI. Wundt, Titchener, James, Thorndike, FreudVII. BehaviorismCurrent Lecture- Functionalism- to analyze all human behavior, takes a look at adaptiveness f human behaviorEra of Modern Psychology- Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (1832- 1920)1. The father of modern psychology/ first scientific psychologist/ cognitive psychologist.2. Began movement called volunteerism- emphasized role of the will or purposeful behaviors in psychology3. Was in the rationalist tradition (active mind)4. Primary interest was in the psychological processes that we use to explain the external world5. Wanted to find- the basic elements of thought, the laws that describe how these elements combine in to complex mental experiences6. Used experimental introspection to study the basic elements of thought. Tried to break down perception.- Edward Bradford Titchener (1867-1927)1. Founded structuralism movement. Interested in understanding structure of the mind.2. Another cognitive psychologist3. Made more extensive use of introspection than Wundt. His observers attempted to explain the basic properties of stimuli they were presented.4. Structuralism declined after his deathThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.5. Introspection is not looked highly upon by modern psychology due to its erratic nature- William James (1842-1910)1. Published Principles of Psychology in 1890. This was used as the first textbook of psychology. Very important in history of psychology and the movement of functionalism. 2. Exposed pragmatism- the belief that an individual should use any means necessary to investigate psychological phenomena 3. He was a radical empiricist4. Eventually left Harvard to study philosophy and parapsychology 5. An advocate of: introspection, experimentation, study of animals, children, and mentally ill, psychoanalysis, parapsychology, religious mysticism, essentially any method could be used if useful in understanding ourselves- Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949)1. First person to write a dissertation solely on animal experimentation. Had a big influence on Skinner.2. Unlike those before him (Romaine, Morgan, Washburn) his research dealt with animals as models for human behavior3. Thorndike puzzle box- used for animal experiments. Studied trial and error learning in a number of animal species.4. Conclusions: Learning is incremental (happens a little at a time). Learning occurs automatically. Principles of learning are the same regardless of species (humans learn the same way as nonhuman animals).- Freud1. Sex, parents, penis envy, edifice complex2. Hysteria, catharsis3. Psycho sexual stages of development4. He was from Vienna, Austria. Was an M.D. before he became a psychoanalyst. Henoticed certain phenomena in patients that could not be solved by medicine5. Physical manifestation of a psychological disorder- Behaviorism1. Pavlov- classical conditioning2. Watson- Father of modern behaviorism. Research in classical conditioning. He makes Pavlov well known in science community.3. Skinner- operant conditioning. S/R (stimulus/response) everything is