PSYX 385 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. SyllabusOutline of Current Lecture I. Introduction/Measurement & Methodologya. Personality Psychology: Two Aimsb. Tensions Facing Personality PsychologyII. Measurement Topicsa. Personality Measurement and Assessmentb. Testing and Assessmentc. ‘Clues’ about Personalityd. 4 Types of Clues (Funder, 2011) (Cont’d following Lecture)Current LectureIntroduction/Measurement & MethodologyPersonality Psychology: Two Aims1. To understand the whole person2. To determine basic ways in which people differ from each other (describe personality or develop a language to describe it)--Scientific study of psychological forces… -empirically grounded: knowledge stems from systematic observation-Theory—hypotheses; tested via observationTensions facing personality psychology1. Reductionism v. pluralisma. Reductionist—allegiance to a single theoryb. Pluralistic—multiple theories have utility2. Nomothetic v. Idiographic a. Nomothetic, set to formulate laws (5 factor model), similar to a generalized idea b. Idiographic is an individual study, everyone is independent of each other and should be studied as suchThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. Person vs. Situation vs. Interactionisma. Person factors are largely internalb. Situational largely external (environmental, other humans) (behaviorist)c. Interactionist (personality is the result of interaction between internal factors and external cues) (social cognitive)4. Free Will vs. Determinisma. Behaviorists and psychoanalytic= deterministb. Humanists and social cognitive= free willMeasurement TopicsPersonality measurement and assessment1. testing vs. assessment2. the different ‘clues’3. Psychometrics: Classical test theory, reliability and validityTesting and Assessment1. testing: procedures—scorea. high inference (subjective): scoring requires judgment b. low inference (objective): scoring requires less judgment; interpretation still complex2. assessment: interaction b/t trained examiner and examinee—tests/data considered in context *****no question of clinical significance of any weight can be answered solely on the basis of a test score*****a. therapeutic goals; personal insightb. diagnosis or problem clarificationc. treatment planning/evaluationd. employment/ forensic decisions‘Clues’ about personality“there are no perfect indicators…;there are only clues, and clues are…ambiguous”-(Funder, 2001)There are multiple methods and sources of clues minimize ambiguity (clues= data)4 Types of Clues: (Funder, 2001)1. (S) self data: Ask person directlya. most commonly usedb. e.g., self-report questionnaires, interviewsc. Variable breadth; Narrow (BDI-2) to broadband (MMPI-2)d. MMPI-2: #1 norm-referenced measurei. Developed in 1940’s/50’s using ‘criterion keying’To be continued in following