Slide 1Membrane TransportMembrane TransportMembrane TransportMembrane TransportMembrane TransportMembrane TransportMembrane TransportPage 1Membranes TransportLehninger Readings Chapter 11 pages 389-413At the end of this section you should be able to explain how proteins make biological membranes selectively permeable. Given relevant characteristics of a transporter, you should be able to classify the transporter, discuss its likely biological functions, describe its general structure, and explain the mechanisms by which this structure allows it to carry out its function.Student Learning Objectives You should be able to: 1) Tell the "Big Picture" story of why membrane transport is needed and how it happens.2) Describe the forces that can drive simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.3) List the sodium, potassium, calcium and proton gradients found across membranes.4) Compare and contrast simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion. 5) Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion with enzyme catalysis.6) Based on the characteristics of a real or hypothetical transporter, classify the transporter using the various classification schemes described in class.7) Explain the need for active transport in cells.8) Compare and contrast active transport and facilitated diffusion.9) Discuss the properties of carriers and channels and recognize examples of each from descriptions of the transporter’s properties.10) Identify a transporter as a uniporter, symporter, or antiporter based on information about the transporter.11) Describe the GLUT family of transporters and explain their function based on general principles of transport.12) Compare the three types of ATP driven transports including their general structures and mechanisms and give examples of each.13) Describe two common sources of energy for secondary active transport and give examples of transporters that use each.14) Explain the name "secondary active transport" in terms of energetics.15) Compare and contrast the sources of energy used for active transport.16) Explain the relationship between primary active transport and secondary active transport and predict how perturbations of in one aspect of cellular transport alters other aspects of transport.3) List the sodium, potassium, calcium and proton gradients found across membranes.Gradients you should know. •H+ across mitochondrial membranes•H+ across bacterial plasma membranes•Na+ across animal plasma membranes•K+ across animal plasma membranes•Ca2+ across ER, SR and plasma membranesPage 2Membrane Transport•Membranes as Selectively-permeable Barriers•Cystic Fibrosis•Energetics–Activation Barrier–Electrochemical Potential–Passive vs. ActivePage 415Figure 1-7Figure 11-281) Tell the "Big Picture" story of why membrane transport is needed and how it happens.2) Describe the forces that can drive simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.3) Compare and contrast simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion. 4) Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion with enzyme catalysis.Page 3Membrane Transport•Methods of Classifying Membrane Transporters–Based on Structural Similarity–Based on Energetics•Passive–Simple Diffusion–Facilitated Diffusion–Ion Channels–IonophoresFigure 11-265) Based on the characteristics of a real or hypothetical transporter, classify the transporter using the various classification schemes described in class.Page 4Membrane Transport•Methods of Classifying Membrane Transporters –Based on Energetics •Active–Primary»3 types–Secondary–Based on Transport Properties•Channels•Carriers–Based on Solute # and Direction of Movement•Uniport•Cotransport–Symport–AntiportFigure 11-35Figure 11-346) Explain the need for active transport in cells.7) Compare and contrast active transport and facilitated diffusion.8) Discuss the properties of carriers and channels and recognize examples of each from descriptions of the transporter’s properties.9) Identify a transporter as a uniporter, symporter, or antiporter based on information about the transporter.Figure 11-26Page 5Membrane Transport•Example - the GLUT family of transporters–Function–Structure–Mechanism–Kinetics–ClassificationFigure 11-30Figure 11-32Figure 11-3110) Describe the GLUT family of transporters and explain their function based on general principles of transport.Page 6•3 types of Primary Active Transport–P-type active transport•Structure–Transmembrane domain»A-transfers movement»N-binds NTP»P-phosphorolaytionsite Asp•MechanismMembrane TransportFigure 11-36Figure 11-3711) Compare the three types of ATP driven transports including their general structures and mechanisms and give examples of each.Page 7–P-type Continued•Example – Na+/K+ ATPase–Na+ and K+ ions are moved against electrochemical gradients.–In neurons this is the basis for action potentials.–This gradient provides the energy for many (but not all) secondary active transporters in animals.–F-type and V-type ATPase•Structure•Function–ABC transporters•Structure–2 bundles of TMD–2 bundles of NBD in the cytoplasm•Function–Sometimes act as active transporter»ATP binding and hydrolysis–Gated ChannelsMembrane TransportFigure 11-40Figure 11-38Figure 11-39Page 8Membrane Transport•Secondary Active Transport–Lactose Permease•Function•Energy source•Classification–Na+/Glucose Symporter•Function–Movement of Na+ is negative Delta G, coupled with glucose which is positive moves them into the cell•Energy Source•ClassificationFigure 11-41Figure 11-4312) Describe two common sources of energy for secondary active transport and give examples of transporters that use each.13) Explain the name "secondary active transport" in terms of energetics.14) Compare and contrast the sources of energy used for active transport.15) Explain the relationship between primary active transport and secondary active transport and predict how perturbations of in one aspect of cellular transport alters other aspects of