Biology 1114 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Introduction into Biology 1114II. Descent with modification/change of time/evolutionOutline of Current Lecture II. Types of SelectionA. ArtificialB. NaturalC. “Art factual”D. SexualIII. The agents of these types of selectionsa. Humansb. Predators/the environment/climatec. femalesIV. Mutations: Traits occur randomly through genetic mutationsV. Natural Selection has NO GOALCurrent Lecture- Recap: What is the process from ancestor to descendent called?o Descent with modification/change over time/evolution- Example: A Pekingese Dogo Mechanism by which this breed was selected: Artificialo Artificial selection: is not natural/would not occur if humans were not presento The agent of this type of selections is humanso The Pekingese dog has trouble breathing due to its nose: this is an unintended result of artificial selectiono These unintended consequences are referred to as “artifactual selection” in this course (the term was coined by Dr. Taylor herself)- Darwin: Father of Evolutiono Traveled the world on the HMS Beagle collecting as many specimens as he could (example: different praying mantis types appear in different locations)- Example: Different colors praying mantis are found in different locationso This process is called natural selectiono The agent of this specific example is predation: the predator-prey relationship results in favorable traits being selected for)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Traits occur randomly through mutationso Favorable mutations survive and have offspring while the unfavorable die and do not pass on traitso The mechanism that drives this process is natural selectiono The response of the organism is continued survival or persistence- Sexual Selectiono When the agent is male or female, the mechanism is sexual selectiono The female or male will select for a certain color/behavior/look and this will be the favorable trait- Environment as the agento Aridity(dry air) leads cactus to have modified leaves as a favorable traito Snow is a selective pressure for polar bears because they need to blend into the snow so their prey don’t see them coming so they are white, and their fur is warm and thick to brave the cold weathero No light is a selective pressure for moles to have no eyes because they are an unnecessary organ and a waste of energy since they live in dark environments underground, also vulnerable spots to get dirt in when digging- Natural Selection has NO GOALo Why? The agents of natural selection, except for humans, do not focus on having a goalo Agents are “mindless”o Evolution began the moment life appeared on Eartho Darwin’s process was to prove this: The world works