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UT Arlington CHEM 1465 - Stoichiometry

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Chem 1465 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture 1. Aqueous solutions A. Solute and solventB. Water 2. The moleA. Number wordB. Molar massC. Mole to mole ratiosD. Chemical formulas E. Percent composition and empirical formula F. MolarityG. Dilution Outline of Current Lecture 1. Fundamentals of stoichiometry A. Combustion reactionsB. Reaction stoichiometry C. Limiting reagent D. Theoretical and percent yields E. Titration Current Lecture1. Fundamentals of stoichiometry A. Combustion reaction: all carbon must be converted to CO2 and all hydrogen is converted to H2O B. Reaction stoichiometry: stoichiometry involves using the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation to determine quantities in chemical reactions. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Solid aluminum reacts with hydrochloric acid to form an aqueous solution of aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas.2Al + 6HCl → 2 AlCl3+ 3H2- This means that 2 moles of aluminum reacts with 6 moles of HCl to form 2 moles of AlCl3 and 3 moles of H2. Thus we can derive mole to mole ratios.- Example: what mass of hydrogen gas can be formed if 12.0 g of aluminum reacts with excess HCl? 12g Al x (1 mol Al26.98 g Al)(3 mol H2 mol Al)(2.016 g H1 mol H)=¿ 1.34g H2- Example: what mass of oxygen gas is required for the complete combustion of 29.0 g of butane, C4H10? 2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O 29.0g C4H10(1 mol C 4 H 1058.08 g c 4 h10)(13 mol O 22mol C 4 H 10)(32 g O 21 mol O2)=¿ 104g O2C. Limiting reagents- Bologna sandwich example: if you have 50 slices of bread and 50 slices of bologna, how many sandwiches can you make? The bread is the limiting reagents because you can make 25 sandwiches with 50 pieces of bread, whilewith 50 bologna pieces- you could make 50 sandwiches. Since the bread yields a smaller number of products, we know it is the limiting reagent. - Example: In the balance equation given, how many grams of solid iron can be formed if 50g of Fe2O3 reacts with 10g of CO? Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2-If Fe2O3 is limiting reagent:50g Fe2O3(1 mol Fe 2O 3159.7 g Fe 2 O3)(2 mol Fe1 mol Fe 2 O3)(55.85 g Fe1mol Fe)=¿ 35.0g Fe-If CO is limiting reagent:10g CO (1 mol CO28.01 g CO)(2 mol Fe3 mol CO)(58.85 g Fe1 mol Fe)=¿ 13.3g Fe-Since CO led to a smaller answer, we know it is the limiting reagent- resultingin 13.3 grams of iron. D. Theoretical and percent yield - Actual yield: amount of product you collect at the end of the reaction- Theoretical yield: amount of product you predict you should get based on limiting reagent - Percent yield: the actual yield divided by the theoretical yield times 100E. Titration: a common lab experiment used to determine a concentration of reactants in which an indicator to find when the reaction is complete- Example: aluminum hydroxide can be dissolved in hydrochloric acid to form aluminum chloride and water. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. How many mL of 3.37 M HCl is needed to react with 10g of Al(OH)3?Al(OH)3 + 3HCl → AlCl3 + 3H2O10g Al(OH)3(1 mol Al(OH)378.01 g Al(OH)3)(3 mol HCl1 mol Al(OH)3)(1 L3.37 mol HCl)(1 mL10−3L) =202


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UT Arlington CHEM 1465 - Stoichiometry

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