ANSC 303 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. Small IntestineII. Small Intestine – StructureIII. Secretions in Small IntestineIV. Nutrient Absorption From Small IntestineV. Nutrient Absorptiona. Diffusionb. Facilitated Diffusionc. Active Transportd. Pinocytosis/EndocytosisVI. Large IntestineVII. Gastrointestinal HormonesVIII. Hormonal Control off Digestion Regulatory PeptidesOutline of Current Lecture I. WaterII. Body Water Composition III. Body, Water, and AgeIV. Functionsa. Solventb. Transportationc. Chemical reactionsd. Lubrication and cushioninge. Transfer of light and soundf. Regulation of temperatureg. Regulation of ionic concentrationsV. Sources of WaterVI. Where Does Water Absorption and Loss OccurVII. Water in FeedVIII. Metabolic WaterIX. Factors Affecting Water IntakeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.X. How Much WaterCurrent LectureI. WaterA. Considered the most essential nutrienta When you do not have enough of this nutrient, performance declinesb Death occurs when 20% of the water in the body is lostB. No water available to the animal = the animal will not eat C. Most abundant nutrient in the body D. Water is inexpensive, but often overlookedE. Water is not storeda What is excreted daily is the intake of the animal i. Hot temperatures = more excretion = larger need for waterii. More protein fed in the diet = more excretion = larger need for waterb Dairy cows ned 3 - 4 times more than a regular cow F. Water balance is achieved through regulation of electrolytesG. Nutritionists look at the balance of:a Acid/baseb pH of bloodII. Body Water CompositionA. Muscle - 75% WaterB. Adipose/Fat - 15% WaterC. Bone - 30% WaterD. Tooth - 5% WaterE. Distribution of body watera Intracellulari. 50%ii. Maintains cellular structureb Interstitial i. 15%c Extracellulari. 5%d GI Tracti. Remainder of waterii. GI tract = water reservoiriii. If dehydrated, water is pulled from the GI tractiv. Can lead to impactionv. Impaction = when water is taken from the GI tract, the GI tract canstart to move slowly and the feed can become stuckIII. Body, Water, and AgeA. % of body water decreases with ageB. Fat = less water than muscleC. As age increases, fat increases; therefore, the water in the body increases as wellD. Weight increases, fat increases, and water decreases in turn E. Baby animals are more sensitive to dehydration because they have less waterIV. FunctionsA. Solventa Important in GI tractb Mixes with waterc Lipids presents a problemd Lipids does not want to mix with waterB. Transportation a Bloodb Water moves items from organ to organ and tissues to tissuesC. Chemical reactionsD. Lubrication and cushioninga Jointsb So the bones are not rubbing on other bonesE. Transfer of light and soundF. Regulation of temperature a Dehydration leads to quick overheatingG. Regulation of ionic concentrationsa Acid/base balanceb Blood pH can decreaseV. Sources of WaterA. Human Controla Drinkingi. Free water ii. Most importantiii. Easiestb Feedi. 10 - 60% waterii. Hay is lowiii. Silage is high iv. Also depends on humidityB. Humans Can Not Controla metabolic wateri. Side product of energy metabolism ii. Made in the body iii. Do not want the animal to rely on thisb Water liberated during metabolic reactions or catabolism of body tissueVI. Where Does Water Absorption and Loss Occur?A. Net absorption:a Water leaving is greater than water enteringB. Net secretiona Water entering is greater than water leavingC. Monogastric a Net absorptioni. Jejunum ii. Ileumiii. Large intestineb Net secretioni. Mouth ii. Stomach iii. Duodenum D. Ruminanta Net absorptioni. Jejunum ii. Large intestineiii. Ileum b Net secretion i. Mouth ii. Stomach iii. Duodenum E. Sources of water loss?a Sweatb Urinec Respirationd Salivatione Fecal material VII. Water in FeedA. Water in various feed stuffs can vary based on:a Humidity b Field vs barn B. Compare all feedstuffs on dry matter basisa Silage and haylage are higher in waterb Corn and hay are lowerVIII. Metabolic WaterA. 10% of total water intake of an animal B. When carbs, fats, protein, are used in the body for energy, water is producedC. Fat has the largest amount of water produced - largest amount of energy D. Carbs nextE. Protein lastIX. Factors Affecting Water IntakeA. Digestive system a Ruminantb MonogastricB. Breeda Brahman - drink moreb AngusC. Environmental temperaturea Hot outside - drink moreb Cold outside - drink lessD. Physiological functiona Dairy cows - drink moreE. Disease conditiona When a pen of cows suddenly stops drinking or eating, usually they will turn out to be sick F. Water quality a Low water quality leads to low intakeX. How Much WaterA. Animals consume 10% BW in water dailyB. 2 - 5 kg water per kg