PHIL 1020 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture 1. Problems of Relativism Outline of Current Lecture II. Two Main Religious Ethics III. Divine Command Theory (DCT)IV. Religious Motivation Current Lecture2. Two Main Religious EthicsA problem with cultural relativism and individual subjectivism.- Where do we look for objective moral standards?o Many answer: to religionTwo Main Religious Ethics1. Divine Theory2. Natural Law Theory3. Divine Command Theory (DCT)The objective standards of morality are given to us by God or the gods.- “morally right” = “commanded by God”- “morally wrong” = “forbidden by God”o These moral rules are absolute (no exceptions), universal (apply to everybody), and eternal (since beginning of time until end)-Where do we find these commands?- Scriptures (e.g., bible)- Religious figures (e.g., prophets)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Religious leaders (e.g., pastor)- Personal revelation (e.g., praying for a sign or answer)-Attractions of DCT1. Billions of people seem to agree with it (*fallacy alert)2. Provides, clear objective rules3. Apply to all individuals and cultures equally4. Rules are eternal, unchangingBut…- How clear is the guidance we get from religion?- The issue of homosexualityo E.g., there are particular plants and food given in the bible that people don’t follow but it doesn’t get noticed.-Problems with Religious Moral Guidelines1. Disagreements2. Applying guidelines today3. Inconsistences4. Nonbelievers?- “so what?”, no moral pull5. Believers seem to pick and choose (ignore a lot of guidelines) e.g., regard some commandments more than others-3 assumptions (only 2 provided in these notes)- made by those who view that religion1. Only through religion can we be motivated to act moraly- Glaucon: the only reason people act morally is fear of bad consequences if they don’t.2.God created morality- An act is morally right if it is commanded by God or the gods- Problem: two ways of interpreting thisV. Religious MotivationWestern monotheistic religions fear of eternal pain/promise of eternal bliss- Hinduism/Karma- Problem with this?o Fear of hell might make me act “morally” but is that a good motivation? (for