Psyc 358 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture II. Introduction to the coursea. Went over SyllabusIII. Tools and Approaches in the study of CognitionIV. Brief history of PsychologyOutline of Current Lecture I. Doing research in Sciencea. Scientific analysisCurrent LectureDoing Research on CognitionQuestion of the day:-What is the Scientific Study of the mind like?Cognitive Science (`1980’s) multidisciplinary study of the mindMore abstract More concretePhilosophy XCultural anthropology XLinguistics XPsychology XComputer science XNeuroscience X-Cognitive science is an umbrella term for bringing together the different ideas/methods/perspectives that different fields have to offer on questions on the nature of cognition-Philosophy and cultural anthro are the most abstract disciplines because they are interested in big picture.-Theory of linguistics is the pure study of language, why are languages the way they are-Computer science and neuroscience are the most concrete contributors. Neuroscience is the nuts and bolts of psychology. It explains why our processes are able to have. Computer science finds engineering solutionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Cognitive Science Research approaches-Behavioral (not behaviorist)Hypothesis testing (theory-driven)Exploratory studies (data-driven)-Universals vs. special populations-Culture mediates the nature of cognition. People all around the world don’t think the same way. There are differences that are more fundamentalthan just differences in knowledge, habits, or traditions-Computational (Psych, computer science)-Cognitive simulation-A program written that describes every step in a human’s cognitive processes.-Math models vs process models-A set of equations that can predict how a person can perform on memory tasks and other such cognitive functions. For certain cases, formulas were created to explain behaviors-Theory/data/model triangle-having a theoretical theory vs. empirical data vs. a mathematical model.-Theories can be very vague. The model forces you to be specific because you are building something concrete. Theories can become more concrete when you build a model. Theory is how you think things work and data tell you if you’re right or not. -Cognitive architecture-Another things people try to model, is the cognitive apparatus. What is common among all the things a mind does. Trying to build systems where you don’t just explain a single thing, it explains systems that are shared across many different parts of the brain.-Neurobiological (Psych, biology)-Neuroimaging, Neuropsychology-Seeing what goes on at a neural level and applying that to cognition-Neural Psychology is looking at brain damage or diseases and seing whathappens to the functions like memory and decision making.More cognitive Science ApproachesComparative (Psych, Bio)Evolutionary (Psych, Bio, Philosophy, Anthro)Cross-Cultural (Psych, Anthro)-How o people think talk behave across the worldArtificial intelligence (Computational, Psych, Philosophy)-Engaging in tasks that require detection of patternsPsycholinguistics (Psych, Linguistics)-Looking at the nature of language and the mind and the brain that are users of that information. How to frame the task of explaining cognition?Levels of Scientific Analysis (Marr, 1982)What to do or compute; and why? ComputationalWhat approach and elements? AlgorithmicHow exactly does it get done? ImplementationalMarr’s claim: the levels help each otherHow do these fit with eh disciplinary approaches?Examples:-“Solve Vision”-What is the problem that what you are studying is trying to solve?-Robot escaping a maze-Having a good impressionHow to think about ant talk about scientific work in cognitive psychologyQuestionLogicMethodResultsInterpretationHow to get started with scientific thinking about mind?-Observation/introspection-Watching your own mind and observing it.-Reading/thinking-Reading the field’s literature and using that as a base to create other ideas-Doing-Getting data is extremely