AVS 101 1st Edition Lecture 2BovineOvineEquineMale Female Young female maleNewborn Castrated prior to maturityCastrated after maturityBirthing processThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Male Female Young femaleNewborn Castrated prior to maturityCastrated after maturityBirthing processBull Cow Heifer Calf Steer Ox calvingMale Female Young femalemale Newborn Castrated prior to maturityCastrated after maturity Birthing processRam Ewe Ewe/ram lamb Lamb Wether Stag lambingStallion Mare FillyColtFoal Gelding Gelding FoalingPorcineChickenMale Female Young female Newborn Castrated male Rooster Hen Pullet Chick CaponTurkeyMale Female NewbornMale Female Young femaleNewborn Castrated prior to maturityCastrated after maturityBirthing processBoar Sow Gilt Piglet Barrow Stag FarrowingTom Hen PoultCatMale Female Newborn Birthing processTom Queen Kitten QueeningDogMale Female Newborn Birthing processStud Bitch Pup WhelpingNutrition is the science of food and the nutrients it contains Role of nutrients in animal production Relationship between human and animal nutritionNeeds Energy Growth Maintenance Reproduction ProductionRoughages High in fiber Low in energy Digestibility varies with type and animal Prevents bloatConcentrates High in energy Lower in fiber 80-90% digestibilitySilage Fermented plant material under anaerobic conditionsNutrients Water Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins MineralsWater Most important Plants à 70-80% Animals à 40-80% 10% loss à bodily functions affected 20% lossà death Young animalsà more water Older animals à less waterWater Sources Drinking Food Metabolic Water– Glucose and oxygen– C6H1206 + 6 02 à 6 CO2 + 6 H2O– Carbohydrate + Breathing = Metabolic WaterFunctions of water Transport- blood, urine, nutrients, waste Chemical reactions Temperature regulation Body fluids & mucosal tissue - saliva, spinal fluid, eye, vaginal, rectal Physical shape-major component in cellHow is energy measured? Calorie (US) or Joule– Amount of heat to raise 1 pound of Water 4°F Gross energy– Total # of calories a feed contains– Measured in kilocalorie (Kcal) Net energy– What remains after wasted energy is removedCalorie Content Fat contains 9 Kcal/gram of weight Carbohydrates contains 4 Kcal/gram of weight Protein contains 4 Kcal/gram of
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