HST 096 1st Edition2/3Lecture 6Outline of Last LectureThis lecture was on the interaction between white and Indian groups with regards to capturing of whites as laborers or placeholders in families for those who had died. Additionally it deals with Indians holding power in uncertain times prior to Europe taking complete controlOutline of Current Lecture - On the Board Info- The world of the Fur Trade- Myths-Fort St. Joseph, Castor canadiensis, Indians- Métis/Métissage- Geography/Chronologyo Voyageurso 1609,1670,1785,1821o Northwest Companyo Hudson’s Bay Company- Thursday Quiz- Readings are Van Kirk, Francis/Morantz, WhiteWhat he wants on the paper (content and style) content is based on the readings of the Current LectureDispelling Myths- Was not a time that lacked Violenceo Mohawk/Iroquois attacked and harassed French and destroyed Huronia.o Many of the Tribes spread out, like Cree spreading to plains, and even violence among trading partners.o Across the entire region that was Canada- Fur trade was not just Beaver Skins in Canadao Dear Skin in South East was prime instance of English Indian Tradeo West was Bison skin were crucial to Comanche to get firearms from Tribes further EastThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Canadian furs were also lynx, martin, fox, wolf, minx- Natives dominated the interior, The French and English very little influence, especially EnglishFt. St. Joseph was Trading Post, Garrison, and Mission (multi-ethnic community)- Small palisade, and only approx. 10 french soldiers with a few mixed racial families- Just across the way was a Potowadamee village that had 200 warriors- This pushed France to have blacksmith to fix Indian guns, only reason France could stay safe- Their safety required alliances, Indian power held the sway, they were uncertain alliesNew France- Found in 1608 found by Samuel Champlain- This was an attempt by the French crown to create monopoly on the Fur trade- Canadian Shield that offered finest beaver habitat (possible to exhaust an area) - Trappers had to keep pushing further into the lands to find animals- The natives knew how to trap and skin, move, build units to move in like canoes- Fur trade lasted from 1600 to 1970- Indian Women were absolutely essential to the propagation of the trade- French authorities encouraged multi-racial marriages- Untold numbers of informal partnerships- Metis (mixed race in French) Mixing Métissage(more profound than producing children also sharing culture and technology- Both Cultures took on each others cultures.- Fur trade did make interdependence between whites and Indians- Whites needed the furs and skills of the Indians, Indians needed manufactured goods- French Labor Force of Travelers know as Voyageurs who brought goods out and came back with compressed bags of skins- 1670 English joined the fray with Hudson’s Bay Company (did not work out of Saint Lawrence River- Set of Factories/trade houses at the mouths of rivers, and waited for the Indians to cometo them.- This changed as the French lost their land in the 7th year war.- 1785 Rival Fur company started in Montreal under Scottish and British - This pushed Hudson Bay to put houses further in to compete.- 1821 Northwest Company capitulates, absorbed by Hudson Bay Company- Hudson Bay held a Monopoly on the Fur Trade- Fur farms start to compete, and the Environmental movement is the final death nail in the industry- HBC formed in 1670 is now controlled by New York City Financiers- Not English, the traders were not out to settle the landReading notesThe middle ground, Richard White- paysd’en haut (land beyond huronia)- Iroquois wanted beaver land, and slaves as atonement or to refill ranks 1- Pushed Algonquin west- “Middle Ground” created between French and Indians so that culturally different societies could 50- “Middle ground depended on the inability of both sides to gain their ends through force.” 52- Algonquin were not familiar with royalty and superior over inferior. (57)- Fench falsity thinking this meant no social order their was social order (57)- Eventually the times natives would go to fortified European Forts vanished, and men had to go to the tribes with goods. This produced a need for protection or connection making(57)- The men who made these connections were viewed as dangerous to the French crown as they hadfound a freedom and no longer feel into the social order of the kingdom- This led to quarreling amongst the French society in the New World, the Indians made connections with different individuals- These non-traditional Frenchmen also struck at the heart of Algonquin society due to making the case that tradition was transferable and no innate to man of specific cultures.- Official beliefs of both sides did not truly delegate the attitudes held by the people.- The sex and freedom to have it made life easier, perhaps pushed more Frenchmen to bare the fur trade, also came from larger female population.- Jesuit push for Native women to join the Cult of Mary led to abstinence.o Such a push angered native youth and elderso Also angered French traders as connections would dry up, and access to sex diminished.- Increase in marriage as a way for unlicensed fur traders to make better connections and stay despite being forced out (Coureur de bois)- Intermarriage means to fortify ties with natives.- Violence was commonplace on the Western frontier as a means of both protecting goods and getting them- Theft became institutionalizedFrancis/Morantzo Indians not passive incapable individuals as portrayed, responsible in helping establish it(xi)o Fur trade shaped by the cultures of the new worldo Indians follow a European of trade captain ship, although this probably did not pass over in to normal society.(44) o Trade culture built into Indian culture where the Captain was a middleman, not the hunter.o Whole culture just around trading between Indians and the European companies. Separate though from European culture.(46)o Currency was beaver pelts, everything revolved around them.(47)o But these were not to societies merging, the English and Indians.o The Indians happily would play the French against the Indians and would do what was best for them, o Esquawino even made his own trade network angering the Hudson Bay Company’s traders (59) other Indians willing to patronize whichever side.o Infighting