HIST107 1st Edition Lecture 8 9 Outline of Last Lecture I Christian Expansion A Bede B Gregory the Great II The Roman Papacy A The Power of Peter Outline of Current Lecture I Iconoclasm II Byzantine Empire III The Islamic World IV The Carolingian Empire A Charlemagne Current Lecture Creating New Identities Iconoclasm The iconoclastic period began around 726 Anti icon sentiment Leo III the Emperor initiated the movement These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Iconoclasts wanted the removal of all icons depicting holy figures particularly Christ an image of the cross was accepted Iconophiles wanted icons to be saved Byzantine Empire Was referred to as tough and compact it continually shrank through the 6th and 7th centuries with the expansion of Islam Through the 8th and 9th centuries the Byzantium began to stabilize and expand there was a resurgence of military power political power commerce economic prosperity etc The Islamic Byzantine border began to stabilize There was a greater expanse of Byzantine influence north of the black sea and north of the Byzantine World o They were primarily spreading Greek Christian traditions The Islamic World The first ruling dynasty of Islam was the Umayyads o There was an establishment of a ruling line of caliphs claiming descent from Muhammad o The Abbasidsbecome the next major ruling dynasty o The Abbasids were well known for establishing their capital in Baghdad was the political and economic center for the dynasty o They also had a professional army a sophisticated bureaucracy for tax collection holding courts regulating trade etc o There was also a flourishing of academic life and geography in the Abbasids world o The early Abbasids decided to have an official authoritative version of the Qur an there was a debate over scriptural literalism Carolingian Empire A flourishing was associated with this period Charlemagne King in 768 contributed to the development of the Carolingian Empire The Merovingian Kings rulers in the Frankish World were losing almost complete authority over their area of Francia o The family of Charles Martel major domo was in charge of running the king s household o Charles Martel was the war leader of the Franks o Around 751 Martel s son Pepinassumed the royal title with the support of the Frankish aristocracy ending the line of Merovingian kings Sons of Pepin Charles and his brother brother quickly leaves to monastery Charles the Great Charlemagne was largely responsible for a series of wars that expand and develop the Carolingian Empire o Fought was against Lombards gained territory in northern Italy o Expanded into Saxony A series of laws were passed to try to pull Saxons under Carolingian rule o Took a march toward Spain to develop a strong border o An equestrian statue of Charles is a well known figure representing him Charlemagne was crowned by Pope Leo III as emperor imperator first to have done this since 476 o Designated him as an overarching leader he claimed the Roman royal dignity How does Charlemagne enforce and develop his authority o War he even went out to war with his men o Plunders from war was a great deal of the revenue that fueled the Empire o The importance of personal bonds forms of dependency intimately linked to forms of military service men were swearing oaths of allegiance to Charlemagne Oaths were mainly made by elite societal individuals rulers In many cases Charles gave them land in return for future military support The power of the bond Charlemagne s alliance with other rulers Missidominici people from the court were sent out to investigate the Carolingian Empire and ensure that everything was running smoothly representations of Charlemagne s power o The Managerial Aristocracy wealthy landed elite who help to run Charlemagne s Empire on a local level o Land was the backbone of the Carolingian economy driven mainly through rural agriculture Charlemagne believed he was operating to protect and preserve a holy empire he operated as an explicitly Christian ruler o He attempted to regulate the ways in which people worshipped the way that churches were maintained etc Bishops abbots and clergy were all part of the elite Bishops would even organize acts of war
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