Econ 101 1st EditionLecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Earth Analysisa. Inside the Earthb. Properties of Earth LayersII. Dynamic ProcessesIII. Sedimentary Basin TypesIV. Plate Boundary TypesOutline of Current Lecture V. Conditioning AgentsVI. Energy BalanceVII. Rain Shadow EffectsVIII. Depositional Sedimentary Environmentse. Continentalf. Shorelineg. MarineCurrent LectureV. Conditioning Agentsa. Atmospheric Circulatory System i. Involves climatic zones which are the distribution of equatorial forests or deserts. b. Hydrogeologic Cyclei. Orographic precipitation and rain shadowsc. Paleogeographic and paleoclimatic reconstruction examplesd. Modern-day Depositional settings i. Continental, transitional (shoreline), and marine e. Environmental conditioners i. Geometry, lithology, sedimentary structures, paleocurrents and fossils f. Sequence stratigraphy i. Sea-level changes, transgressions and regressionsg. MorphoclimaticVI. Energy Balancea. Is affected by the Earths orbit, and impacts the climate as well.b. This must have been happening for at least 1,000million years.c. Energy from the Sun provides energy to drive the atmospheric system.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d. Coriolis Force – Spiral wind pattern that makes climate more complicated.e. Three Cell Model i. Polar Cell1. Polara. Dry, sun humid, humidii. Ferrel Cell1. Temperaturea. Sun humid, dry, aridiii. Hadley Cell1. Tropicala. Dry, Sun humid, Humidf. Climate Zonesi. Present-day climatic zones are well documented and are influenced by the distribution of the continental plates, orogenic mountain belts and warm and cold oceanographic currents.ii. It is reasonable to assume that this cell pattern has dominated the location of climatic belts in the geological past, subject to modification caused by the movement and distribution of the continental plates.g. Hydrologic Cyclesh. Sedimentary EnvironmentsVII. Rain Shadow Effectsa. Is when the water buildup in clouds is released due to a mountain range that is as high as the clouds, and therefore water is releasedb. It is the reason for continental drift because of many factors.i. This rain, if dropped over a long period of time will create erosion of the current. ii. The rain will mix with the sea water, and salt, the salt will evaporate and expand.VIII. Depositional Sedimentary Environmentsa. Transportationi. Rolling 1. (heaviest particles never lift of the bottom) ii. Bouncing/ saltation 1. lighter particles move down-current with steep upward trajectories and gentler downward glide pathsiii. In suspension 1. lightest particles are borne along by the current in suspensionb. Types of Transportation Currentsi. TRACTION CURRENTS 1. transport in a traction current is mainly by rolling and saltation. Forms a traction carpet and cross--bedded sands can be a resultant.ii. DENSITY CURRENTS 1. combination of traction and saltation. Characterized by a mixture of sand, clay and silt. Typically shows graded bedding. The density of the involved material lets it be carried by gravity beneath less dense fluids to give turbidity and bedforms known as turbiditesiii. SUSPENSION DEPOSITS 1. sediments settle out of suspension; typically very fine silts and clays. Form loess, pelagic detrital muds and nephaloid layersc. Hjulstrom – Relationship between velocity of a river to the size of particles that can be transported or depositedd. Continentali. Alluvial1. River channels may be classified on the basis of hydrology, grain size of bed material, or channel pattern. 2. Normally take into account:a. Riversi. Suspended Loads (Mud/Silt)b. Braidplainsi. Mixed Loads (Fine Sand)ii. Bed Loaded (Coarse Sand)c. Alluvial Fansi. High (Gravel)3. Age of Alluvial Sedimentsa. Youthi. Alluvial Fan Association1. Youthful stage of rivers2. Among mountain fronts3. Bed-load depositsb. Maturei. Flood Plain Association1. Mature reaches of rivers2. Mixed load deposits3. Repeated fining up sequencesc. Oldi. Coastal Plain Delta Association1. Old stage of river2. Grades into upper plains3. Swampy areas with peatsii. Lake (HE DID NOT TALK ABOUT THIS)iii. Desert1. winds are the main factor for the existence of deserts in tropical and sub-tropical regions2. includes aeolian sand deposits, desert lake and inland sabkha deposits and dust and loess deposits3. Types of Dunesa. Transverse dunei. with slip face and basal apron, showing horizontal and cross-sections with stratificationb. Barchan dune i. Cross stratification directions and a seif dune in relation to wind directioniv. Glacial (HE DID NOT TALK ABOUT THIS)e. Shorelinev. Delta1. landform that forms at the mouth of a river where the river flows into an ocean, estuary, lake, or reservoir2. form from deposition of sediment carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth3. Over long periods, this deposition builds the characteristic geographic pattern of a river delta.4. Classification of modern deltas based on grainsize as well as dominant process (fluvial, wave or tide)vi. Beach (HE DID NOT TALK ABOUT THIS)vii. Tidal Flats (HE DID NOT TALK ABOUT THIS)f. Marine(HE DID NOT TALK ABOUT THIS)viii. Deep Sea (HE DID NOT TALK ABOUT THIS)ix. Continental Shelf(HE DID NOT TALK ABOUT THIS)x. Organic Reef(HE DID NOT TALK ABOUT THIS)xi. Continental Margin(HE DID NOT TALK ABOUT THIS)**NOTE** There are more side topics stated, but not explained, make sure to study all of it, even if it requires you to do outside