EES 1030 1st Edition Lecture 1Intro to Earth ScienceTextbook: Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology (any edition) Online Homework: Mastering Geology Online. Weekly assignments due Mondays at midnight.What is Geology (Earth Science)?The Scientific study of the planet Earth and the process that happen onthe planet. This study falls into 2 categories :Physical Geology: looks are what the earth is composed of and finds ways to understand the process that operate on and beneath the surface. Looks at minerals and the resources available on earthHistorical Geology: tries to understand where the earth started and how it came about. As well as its development overtime, including things that could happen in the future.Relevance:- People are effected by the natural environment. By Natural Hazards such as earthquakes, tsunami, volcanoes, flooding, landslides etc.- Humans are dependent on Earths resources like metals for example.- There are environmental issues we cannot ignore. Such as, pollution, and climate change.Geologic Time: geologists have the ability to assign fairly accurate dates for events that have happened in earths history by using methods that involve radioactive decay. - Many geological processes are very slow and take place over long periods of time. Erosion for example takes place very These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.slowly. However, there are some process that occur very sudden, such as meteorites hitting the earth.- Rocks can be used as a record of earth’s historyRelative dating: placing rocks in the proper order without knowing theirage in years Absolute dating: uses radioactive decay of elements to date certain rocks The Earth as a System- Earth is made of many interacting parts: solid earth(rock), atmosphere(air), hydrosphere(water), and biosphere(life).- Earths systems are dynamic-they change over time.- Earth is powered by energy from the interior and the sun.- The processes in the interior produce the plate tectonic cycle.- The sun drives processes that occur in the air, water, and biosphere.Earth is a layered system with each layer being defined by physical properties and composition. The deepest mine is 4 km, and the deepest drill hole is 12 km deep. The face of the Earth: ridges, abyssal plains, trenches, and seamounts. The surface is dynamic because of plate tectonics. The movement of plate tectonics causes earthquakes and other natural hazards.Types of plate boundaries:Transform fault: this is when 2 plates slide side by side inn opposite directions Divergent: when 2 plates pull apart from each otherConvergent: one plate slides underneath another, usually occurs with oceanic plate and continent.Rocks3 basic types:Igneous: cooling and solidification of magma. Produces rocks like granite and basaltSedimentary: made from the weathering of preexisting rocks thataccumulates in layers at earths surface. Produces rocks like sandstone and limestone.Metamorphic: formed by changing other rocks with the use of pressure and heat. Produces rocks like gneiss and marble .Rock Cycle:Methods that explain how rocks can go from one type to