Biol 150 1st Edition Lecture 5Current LectureGenesLarge organic molecules have complex shapes that are maintained by ionic, hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions.Molecules are composed of two or more atoms linked by chemical bonds.- Organic molecules are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms linked together by covalent bondsGenesDNARNA lDetermine structure of proteins Determine when and what proteins are made (gene regulation)Proteins — Linear chains of amnio acids - linked by covalent bonds - peptide bonds Why is life (as we know and can imagine it) based on carbon?- The major organic molecules that form “life” include proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.- All are formed by specific arrangements of C, H, O and (with nucleic acids and proteins) N.We’ll - Review the structures and some properties of these molecules- Show how they are specifically assembled.- How they make a cell “work” i.e. live.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.H O l llH2N — C — C — OH(Amino l Group) R (carboxyl group)20 amino acids that assemble to form proteinAll cells use just 20 different amino acids:- Amino acids are synthesized in cells by biochemical pathways associated with metabolism- These are L-a amino acids coded for by DNA*.- Protein functions and locations in a cell are due to the location of the amino acids (and their functional “R” groups) in the protein Primary (1*) protein structure- The unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.- The selection of specific amino acid and the sequence in which the amino acids are assembled is specified by genes, which are sequences of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. - Amino acids are linked by covalent peptide bonds. H R O N R O l l ll l lH — N — C — C — OH H — N — C — OH (H2O between the two) H H1* structure - sequence of specific amino acids held together by covalent peptide bonds- H bonds- ionic interactions- hydrophobic interactions - 1st amino acid made during protein synthesis (amino terminus)- Once amino acids are assembled in a single chain, the chain is folded to form the protein into a specific shape that allows it to interact with other proteins- The final shape of the protein is maintained by ionic, hydrogen, and hydrophobic interactions among the side chainsNucleic acids (DNA and RNA)a. DNA & RNA: composed of a strand of nucleotides linked by covalent