PSYC 3322 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Cells, genetics, and the nervous systemOutline of Current Lecture II. Electricity and Electrical StimulationIII. Tools for Measuring a Neuron’s Electrical ActivityIV. Electrical Activity of a MembraneV. How Neurons Integrate InformationCurrent LectureNeurons convey info as a wave induced by stimulation on the cell body traveling down the axon to its terminal.Electricity and Electrical StimulationElectrical potentialVoltVoltmeterTools for Measuring a Neuron’s Electrical ActivityGiant Axon of the Squid- A squid’s axon is much bigger than a human’s axon.- This makes it easier to experiment on.- Two scientists, Hodgkin and Huxley, kept a squid axon in a salty liquid similar to body fluids, and used microelectrodes on it. They used this to describe the neuron’s electrical activity. Because of this information, scientists greater understand how axons work.Electrical Activity of a MembraneResting Potential- Electrical charge across a resting membrane creates a store of potential energy.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Potential- The ability to use stored power.- The charge is a store of potential (membrane’s resting potential).Four charged particles take part in producing the resting potentialThe Distribution of Ions across a Membrane- A- ions and K+ ions have a higher concentration inside of a neuron, Cl- and Na+ have less. - Particles spread out equally, unless there is a solid barrier. (Ex: Imagine a glass of water. The ions would be free to spread out evenly. Now imagine a membrane down the middle of that glass of water. One side will be positively charged, the other will be negatively charged. Now imagine little holes in the membrane, allowing some of the ions to pass through. The two sides will still not be equal, thanks to the barrier in the middle.)How Neurons Integrate InformationSummation of Inputs- Temporal—close and wide spacing—close and simultaneous.- Spacial—separate parts of membrane do not influence each other. The same parts do influence each other.Voltage Sensitive Channels and the Axon Hillock- The Axon Hillock depolarizes the membrane to a threshold