NUR 250 1st Edition Lecture 1Growth:- Described in quantitative changeso Changes in physical sizeo Weight, BMIo Heighto Head circumferenceo Organ maturation- Growth patterns changes over timeo Rapid increase in infants and childreno Decrease in physical size in agingo Organ degeneration with agePrinciples of Growth and Development: - Directionalityo Cephalocaudal trend : head to toe. The head is the largest proportional to the rest of the body) in fetuses, neonates and infants. Developmentally, they gain head control first before being able to sit, crawl or stand.o Proximodistal trend- middle of the body outward eg. Infant uses whole arm to grab v. pincer grasp which develops later. Bones and muscles develop near the center of the body first. o Gross to specific trend: using large unrefined movements to do a task eg. The you child learning to color uses whole arm, head, mouth gestures which refine as the child matures and uses his fingers and hands - Orderliness: There is an order to the process. Eg. Language-start with coos, babbles, monosyllabic words, single words to 2-3 word sentences, fully conversational and articulate to loss of words and memory of language to a decrease in articulation.- Dynamic: occurs without external interventions- Unique: to each individual, bilingual, cultural practices- Differentiation o Simple-complex o General-specificPrinciples of Growth: - Rate of growth velocity is stage dependento Linear-slow, steady School-aged child, toddlers, preschoolerso Exponential-rapid acceleration Fetus, infants, adolescents - Babies double thier birth weight by 5-6 monthso Negative Failure to thrive-notable in young children Organic -due to illness These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Marasmus - disease caused by deficient energy source; often seen in underdeveloped countries where food sources are limited. Increase in physical growth stops in after adolescence; development continues will refinement of cells, due to loss of estrogens at function until involution the regressive alterations of a body or its parts characteristic of the aging process <skeletal involution Process of change Growth-Maturation-learning- Involution - Involution- o Anabolic growth = Birth, get more specifico Catabolic growth = Death, injury, downward growthPhysical Domain - - Physical domain-those changes that involve changes in physical shape and size, as well as changes in the brain structure, sensory capabilities and motor skillsCognitive Domain - - Those aspects of development that involve the acquisition of skills in perceiving, thinking, reasoning and problem solving as well as the intricate development and use of language.Personality - - Those aspects of development that involve acquiring relatively stable and enduring traits as well as a sense of self.o Cultural shift Androgyny: the view that all people, male or female, are capable of developing awide range of traits. Desirable masculine or feminine traits can exist in the sameperson regardless of gender. Both men and women are capable of being ambitious, assertive, self reliant (traditionally masculine traits) as well as being nurturing, affectionate, gentle(traditionally feminine traits).Sociocultural Domain - - Those aspects of development that comprised of socialization and enculturationo Socialization - being taught by parents and others about how to fit in and function in society.o enculturation - learning about a culture by observing and absorbing rather than being taught by