HB 307 1st Edition Lecture 4 Job Analysis and Job DesignJob Analysis – - Systematic Process of collecting information about all of the parameters of a job-its basicresponsibilities, the behaviors, skills, and the physical and mental requirements of the people who do it- Should outline tools needed to do the job, the environment and times it needs to be done, and whom it needs to be done, and the outcome or performance level it should be produced Job Requirements – - Job Description – Statement of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job to be performed- Job Specification – Statement of needed knowledge, skills, and abilities of the person who is to perform the jobMethods Used to Collect Job Analysis Data1. The functional job analysis2. The Position Analysis questionnaire system 3. The critical incident method 4. A task inventory analysis 5. A competency-based job analysisKey Elements of a Job Description - Job Title – Indicates job duties and organizational level - Job Identification – distinguishes job from all other jobs - Essential Functions (Job Duties) – Responsibilities entailed and results to be accomplished- Job Specifications – Skills required to perform the job and physical demands of the jobProblems with Job Descriptions These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- 1. If they are written poorly, using vague rather than specific terms, they provide little guidance to the jobholder - 2. They are sometimes not updated as job duties or specification change - 3. The may violate the law by containing specifications not related to job success- 4. They can limit the scope of activities of the jobholder, reducing an organization’s flexibility Job Design- Industrial Engineering – Field of Study Concerned with analyzing work methods and establishing time standards - Job Design – Outgrowth of job analysis that improves jobs through technological and human considerations in order to enhance organization efficiency and employee job satisfaction- Ergonomics – Process of studying and designing equipment and systems that are easy and efficient for people to use and that ensure their physical well-being Enlargement, Rotation, & Enrichment - Job Enlargement – Process of adding greater variety of tasks to a job - Job Rotation – Process whereby employees rotate in and out of different jobs - Job Enrichment – Enhancing a job by adding more meaningful tasks and duties to make the work more rewarding or satisfying Empowerment, Crafting, & Engagement - Empowerment – Granting employees power to initiate change, thereby encouraging them to take charge of what they do - Job Crafting – Naturally Occurring Phenomenon whereby employees mold their tasks to fit their individual strengths, passions, and motives better - Engagement – Situation in which employees are enthusiastic and immersed in their workto the degree that it improves the performance of their companies Designing Work For Group/Team Contributions - Employee Involvement Groups (EIs) o Groups of employees who meet to resolve problems/offer suggestions for improvement o Also known as quality circles (QC) o Success with EIs requires Comprehensive training for group members Recognition of the group’s contributions Continuing input and encouragement by management  Use of a participative/democratic leadership styleCharacteristics of Successful Teams - Commitment to Shared Goals and Objectives - Motivation and energetic team members- Open and honest communication- Share leadership- Clear Role Assignments - Climate of cooperation, collaboration, trust, and accountability - Recognition of conflict and its positive resolution Benefits of Employee Teams- Integration of Individual Skills - Better Performance and solutions to problems- Reduced delivery time - Reduced turnover and absenteeism - Accomplishments among team members Flexible Work Schedules- Flextime – working hours that permit employees the option of choosing daily starting and quitting times - Compressed Workweek – shortening # of days in the workweek by lengthening # of hours worked per day - Job Sharing – Arrangement where two part-time employees perform job that otherwise would be held by one full-time employee - Telecommuting – Use of computers, networks, and other communications to do work at