CC 301 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Discussion of Odyssey books 1-6.Outline of Current Lecture II. Leaving Kalypso’s IslandIII. Island of the Lotus Eaters: The PhaiaciansIV. Imagined Mythological Quarrel – Competition between the Iliad and the OdysseyV. AthleticsVI. Connections between the Gods and Odysseus’ storya. Odysseus and the CyclopsCurrent LectureLeaving Kalypso’s IslandKalypso helps Odysseus out and he creates his own raft, however the problem is that Poseidon is still mad and before he can return home his raft breaks down.Island of the Lotus Eaters: The PhaiaciansOdysseus washes up on the island of Phaecia and is discovered the next morning by Nausikka the daughter of Alkinoos. She clothes him and gives her identity and invites him to follow her and her friends to the palace. She advises him to first go to her mother and supplicate her by the knees and then turn to her father and acknowledge him. The entire household was a very positive representation of hospitality, unlike in Ithaka where the suitors are invading and violating the house. Imagined Mythological Quarrel – Competition between the Iliad and the OdysseyThere is a singer, Demodachus, much like in book one with Pheneaus. The first song that Demodachus sings is about the Trojan war. The first part covers the quarrel between Achilles andAgamemnon unlike any other quarrel in that particular history. In a way this quarrel is kind of a metaphor between the two great men and between characters in the Odyssey. It’s as if this imagined mythological quarrel is the competition between the two epic poems. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Achilles is the hero of force. His skill is killing people whereas Odysseus skill was being intellectually cunning. Contrast between the two different types of heroism. Penelope had tried toshut up Pheneus because his songs saddened her about the loss of her husband, whereas Odysseus keeps quiet and suffers in silence. AthleticsAlkinoos gives a speech about how there is no greater glory than winning an athletic contest. How preposterous this must have seemed to Odysseus because athletics is just a preparation for war and he has already beyond succeeded in the Trojan War. Euryalos is a subject within the kingdom and keeps after Odysseus and keeps challenging his abilities. -Originally athletics honestly was the prisoner of the aristrocracy, and to tell Odysseus that he does not seem athletic, that he was simply a traitor is to be very classist and imply that he does not belong within the aristocracy but is simply mercantile. Odysseus then replies to Euryalos and calls him reckless but also agrees to all of the contests thathe is proposing after firmly scolding him for his verbal discretions. Then Odysseus picks up the discus and throws it further than any of the other men can. Connections between the Gods and Odysseus’ storyDemodachus then sings again about the Gods. He sings about the adulterous relationship between Ares the wargod and Aphrodite, the goddess of love. Aphrodite, as a punishment, was required to marry Hephaestus, the metal worker (one who is not very attractive). Zeus and his mother Hera threw him out of Olympus and broke his leg in a fall and he was definitely renderedlame. So Aphrodite, the most beautiful of the goddesses was forced to marry the ugliest one and it isn’t surprising that she would have an affair with Ares who is depicted as very young and physically attractive. -It is like how the suitors threatened Odysseus back home in Ithaka, attempting to steal his wife. So Hephaestus makes a booby wire in the bedroom so that when people get into bed they are caught up in a net where they would be stuck, naked, to be ridiculed by everyone else. This shows superior intellect triumphing over superior physical endowment. So even though Aphrodite and Ares are attractive, it is Hephaestus’ crafty skill that wins in the end. This parallelswith the lesson that Odysseus was giving Euryalos and it also foreshadows what Odysseus will do to the suitors back in Ithaka. Hephaeustus is also physically disabled just like the blind singer Demodachus, and Odysseus is in pretty bad shape himself because he’s been shipwrecked andhad to swim for his life and sleep outside…basically with Nausikka found his he was basically homeless much like the disguise he bores when he returns home to Ithaka. Now Odysseus requests a song from Demodachus to hear about the Trojan horse which is sung about in the Odysseus in this song. The whole Trojan Horse situation outlines cunning intellect. Now even though Odysseus himself asked for this song, he cried when listening to it. -Hospitality was felt to be a fundamental ethical obligation….one of the characteristics of Zeus, the God who protected hospitality. Finally, Alkinoos asks Odysseus to tell them who he is and his own story. This occurs in books 9-12. He speaks for about 20 lines before he finally reveals his name as “Odysseus, son of Laertes”-Odysseus and the Cyclops:“On finding a large cave, Odysseus and his men entered the cave, where they helped themselvesto the food and drink they found there, and fell asleep. After a time, a Cyclops, whose namewas Polyphemus, returned to the cave. Leading his flock of giant sheep into the cave, he rolled ahuge stone against the mouth of the cave to close the entrance. On finding Odysseus and hismen in the cave, the Cyclops became enraged, grabbed two of the men, smashed their headsagainst the rocks, ate them, and fell asleep. Odysseus dared do nothing to the Cyclops, sinceonly the Cyclops was strong enough to move the stone away from the mouth of the cave. The next morning, the Cyclops grabbed two more men, smashed their heads against the rocks,and ate them for his breakfast. He then rolled away the stone, led out his herd of sheep, androlled the stone back to close the cave. Odysseus devised a plan. He and his men took a largetimber, carved the end to a sharp point, and hid it. When the Cyclops returned in the evening, he again led his sheep in, rolled the stone to close themouth of the cave, and proceeded to bash in the heads of two more men and eat them. This timeOdysseus spoke up, and offered the Cyclops some strong wine he had brought withhim. Polyphemus, who had never